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Maria and phoebe
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maria placzek
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Cards (65)
What is sexual reproduction?
Involves fusion of
gametes
from two
parents
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What is asexual reproduction?
Does not involve fusion of
gametes
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What is a 'clone'?
An individual
genetically
identical to its parent
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What is meiosis?
A type of
cell division
for
gamete production
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What are the basic steps in meiosis?
DNA
is copied, cell divides
twice
, forms 4 cells
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What is a 'gamete'?
A
sex cell
like
egg
or
sperm
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What is fertilization?
The joining of
gametes
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Describe the structure of DNA.
A
polymer
made of two strands forming a
double helix
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Where is DNA found?
In the nucleus of
eukaryotic
cells
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What is a chromosome?
Structures made of
condensed
DNA
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How many chromosomes are found in human body cells?
46
chromosomes (
23 pairs
)
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How many chromosomes are found in human gametes?
23
chromosomes
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What is a gene?
A short section of
DNA
coding for a
protein
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Define the term 'genome'.
The entire
genetic
material of an organism
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Why is it beneficial to study the human genome?
To understand
genes
linked
to diseases
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What is an allele?
A form of a
gene
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Define the term 'dominant'.
An
allele
always
expressed
with one copy
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Define the term 'recessive'.
An
allele
needing two copies to be
expressed
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Define 'homozygous'.
Having two identical
alleles
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Define 'heterozygous'.
Having two different
alleles
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What is a phenotype?
The physical expression of a
gene
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Describe cystic fibrosis and its inheritance.
A
recessive
condition
affecting lungs, needs two
copies
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Describe polydactyly and its inheritance.
A
dominant
condition causing
extra
fingers or toes
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How do you complete a Punnett square for offspring genotypes?
Use
parental
genotypes to predict offspring
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What is the chance of a baby inheriting cystic fibrosis from two carrier parents?
¼
or
25%
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What are the sex chromosomes found in males?
XY
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What are the sex chromosomes found in females?
XX
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How do you show the chance of producing a baby boy using a Punnett square?
Cross
X and Y chromosomes
from parents
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What is embryo screening?
Checking embryos for
genetic conditions
before implantation
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What are the advantages of embryo screening?
Ensures babies are not born with
genetic conditions
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What are the disadvantages of embryo screening?
Ethical issues and potential destruction of
embryos
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Define 'variation'.
Differences between members of a
population
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What is 'genetic variation'?
Differences caused by
genes
individuals have
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What is
'environmental
variation'
?
Differences caused by the environment individuals experience
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What is a mutation?
A random change in a
gene
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Define 'evolution'.
A change in
inherited
characteristics over time
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Who suggested the theory of Natural Selection?
Charles Darwin
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How does Natural Selection explain the evolution of the elephant's trunk?
Longer trunks provided advantages for survival
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How does Natural Selection explain the increase of dark-colored peppered moths?
Dark moths were
better
camouflaged
from
predators
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What is the main evidence for Natural Selection?
Fossils
show changes in
organisms
over time
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See all 65 cards
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