Maria and phoebe

    Cards (65)

    • What is sexual reproduction?
      Involves fusion of gametes from two parents
    • What is asexual reproduction?
      Does not involve fusion of gametes
    • What is a 'clone'?
      An individual genetically identical to its parent
    • What is meiosis?
      A type of cell division for gamete production
    • What are the basic steps in meiosis?
      DNA is copied, cell divides twice, forms 4 cells
    • What is a 'gamete'?
      A sex cell like egg or sperm
    • What is fertilization?
      The joining of gametes
    • Describe the structure of DNA.
      A polymer made of two strands forming a double helix
    • Where is DNA found?
      In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
    • What is a chromosome?
      Structures made of condensed DNA
    • How many chromosomes are found in human body cells?
      46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
    • How many chromosomes are found in human gametes?
      23 chromosomes
    • What is a gene?
      A short section of DNA coding for a protein
    • Define the term 'genome'.
      The entire genetic material of an organism
    • Why is it beneficial to study the human genome?
      To understand genes linked to diseases
    • What is an allele?
      A form of a gene
    • Define the term 'dominant'.
      An allele always expressed with one copy
    • Define the term 'recessive'.
      An allele needing two copies to be expressed
    • Define 'homozygous'.
      Having two identical alleles
    • Define 'heterozygous'.
      Having two different alleles
    • What is a phenotype?
      The physical expression of a gene
    • Describe cystic fibrosis and its inheritance.
      A recessive condition affecting lungs, needs two copies
    • Describe polydactyly and its inheritance.
      A dominant condition causing extra fingers or toes
    • How do you complete a Punnett square for offspring genotypes?
      Use parental genotypes to predict offspring
    • What is the chance of a baby inheriting cystic fibrosis from two carrier parents?
      ¼ or 25%
    • What are the sex chromosomes found in males?
      XY
    • What are the sex chromosomes found in females?
      XX
    • How do you show the chance of producing a baby boy using a Punnett square?
      Cross X and Y chromosomes from parents
    • What is embryo screening?
      Checking embryos for genetic conditions before implantation
    • What are the advantages of embryo screening?
      Ensures babies are not born with genetic conditions
    • What are the disadvantages of embryo screening?
      Ethical issues and potential destruction of embryos
    • Define 'variation'.
      Differences between members of a population
    • What is 'genetic variation'?
      Differences caused by genes individuals have
    • What is 'environmental variation'?

      Differences caused by the environment individuals experience
    • What is a mutation?
      A random change in a gene
    • Define 'evolution'.
      A change in inherited characteristics over time
    • Who suggested the theory of Natural Selection?
      Charles Darwin
    • How does Natural Selection explain the evolution of the elephant's trunk?
      Longer trunks provided advantages for survival
    • How does Natural Selection explain the increase of dark-colored peppered moths?
      Dark moths were better camouflaged from predators
    • What is the main evidence for Natural Selection?
      Fossils show changes in organisms over time
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