Postmodern and Late Modern Criminology

• What does post-modern society refer to?

  Society since about the 1970s
• How has the nature of crime changed in post-modern society?

  It has become more complex
• What are key social changes influencing crime in post-modern society?

  • Rise of consumer society
  • Globalisation and de-industrialisation
  • Media-saturated society
  • Increase in individual freedom
  • Technological changes, especially ICT
• Who developed theories about post/late modernity and crime?

  Jock Young
• What characterized the 1950s in terms of employment and crime?

  It was a golden age of full employment
• What has caused high crime rates today according to Jock Young?

  De-industrialisation and economic exclusion
• What does anomie refer to in the context of crime?

  A state of normlessness and confusion
• How does crime serve individuals in a state of anomie?

  It offers a way to cope with frustrations
• What is the nature of crime in late modernity according to Jock Young?

  More diverse, spread out, and extreme
• Who developed the concept of 'edgework' in cultural criminology?

  Katz and Lyng
• What does 'edgework' refer to in crime?

  Flirting with boundaries for excitement
• How does Ulrich Beck describe modern society?

  As a risk-society
• What did Simon Winlow research in Northern cities?

  Binge-drinking and violence among men
• What was the relationship between low-status jobs and binge-drinking in Winlow's research?

  Binge-drinking was an escape from boredom
• What does Foucault argue about punishment in modern society?

  It has shifted from physical to psychological
• What is the difference between sovereign power and disciplinary power?

  Sovereign power uses force, disciplinary power uses surveillance
• How does surveillance affect behavior in society?

  People regulate their behavior due to being watched
• What does Foucault suggest about the effects of constant surveillance?

  It creates both winners and losers
• What are the implications of surveillance in modern society?

  • Constant monitoring of daily lives
  • Regulation of behavior by individuals
  • Fear of becoming a 'wrong kind of person'
  • Surveillance extends beyond criminals to all citizens