Crime Prevention and Control Strategies

• What are the three main types of crime prevention policy?

  Situational, environmental, and social/community
• How does situational crime prevention differ from environmental crime prevention?

  Situational is local; environmental is regional
• What is the focus of community and social crime prevention strategies?

  Working with offenders and local communities
• Which realism is associated with Situational and Environmental Crime Prevention?

  Right Realism
• Which realism is associated with Community Crime Prevention?

  Left Realism
• What does situational crime prevention involve?

  Making adaptations to localities to deter crime
• What are two main strategies of situational crime prevention?

  Target hardening and increasing surveillance
• What is 'target hardening' in crime prevention?

  Making physical changes to deter crime
• What are examples of target hardening measures?

  Shutters, window locks, anti-climb paint
• What does increasing surveillance in crime prevention involve?

  Using CCTV, security guards, and neighborhood watch
• What theories support situational crime prevention?

  Rational choice theory and Routine Activities theory
• What is the rationale behind reducing opportunities for crime?

  To decrease crime rates by increasing risks
• What is an example of successful situational crime prevention?

  The Port Authority Bus Terminal Building
• How much does CCTV reduce crime overall?

  By 16% overall and 51% in parking
• What does Newburn (2013) link improved car security measures to?

  Reduced car crime rates
• What is a potential negative effect of situational crime prevention?

  It can lead to crime displacement
• What does situational crime prevention ignore according to Garland (2001)?

  Inequality and deprivation as crime causes
• What type of crime does situational crime prevention primarily address?

  Opportunistic street crime
• What is the concept of 'Fortress cities' as per Bauman?

  Divided cities due to crime prevention measures
• What does environmental crime prevention emphasize?

  The role of formal control measures like police
• What are examples of environmental crime prevention measures?

  Zero Tolerance Policing, ASBOs, curfews
• What theory supports environmental crime prevention?

  Wilson and Kelling’s Broken Windows Theory
• What does Broken Windows Theory suggest?

  Signs of disorder attract criminals and increase crime
• What is a criticism of environmental crime prevention according to Levitt and Dubner?

  Correlation with crime decline is coincidental
• What is a potential drawback of environmental crime prevention?

  It requires significant police resources
• What does Reiner (2015) suggest about police deployment?

  Focus on serious crime hot spots instead
• What is the interactionist perspective on police power?

  It leads to more labeling and criminal careers
• What do social and community crime prevention strategies focus on?

  Individual offenders and their social context
• What are the two broad approaches in social and community crime prevention?

  Intervention and community involvement
• What did Farrington’s (1995) research identify?

  Risk factors correlated with crime
• What are examples of intervention programs in crime prevention?

  Perry School Project and Troubled Families Initiative
• What is a potential benefit of effective community prevention measures?

  They can save money by reducing crime
• What do Marxists argue about social and community crime prevention policies?

  They don't tackle structural inequalities in capitalism
• How do Foucault and Garland interpret these strategies?

  As surveillance and control rather than change
• What is noted about the distinction between the three crime prevention strategies?

  It may be somewhat artificial and overlapping
• What is an example of a strategy that overlaps all three crime prevention types?

  Neighborhood Watch programs
• What is the purpose of the three-way distinction in crime prevention strategies?

  It was likely invented for educational purposes
• What are the key components of situational crime prevention?

  • Target hardening
  • Increasing surveillance
  • Based on rational choice theory
  • Reducing opportunities for crime
• What are the key components of environmental crime prevention?

  • Formal and informal social control measures
  • Emphasis on police involvement
  • Examples: Zero Tolerance Policing, ASBOs
  • Based on Broken Windows Theory
• What are the key components of social and community crime prevention?

  • Focus on individual offenders
  • Intervention and community involvement
  • Tackles root causes of crime
  • Examples: Perry School Project, Troubled Families Initiative