Victimology: Understanding Victims of Crime

• What is victimology?

  The study of crime victims
• Why is victimology considered a recent addition to sociology?

  It is newly included in A-level sociology
• What does victimology primarily address?

  Who becomes a victim and why
• What is the largest victim survey in England and Wales?

  The Crime Survey of England and Wales
• How has the TCSEW changed since the Covid-19 outbreak?

  It is now conducted by phone
• How many households does the TCSEW survey annually?

  Approximately 38,000 households
• What trend has the TCSEW indicated over the last 20 years?

  A decline in crime victims
• Which crime types have shown an increase in the overall crime rate?

  Cybercrime and fraud
• How does the risk of victimization vary?

  By social group and crime type
• Who is more likely to be victims of violent crime?

  Individuals in deprived areas
• Which age group is generally at higher risk of victimization?

  Younger people
• Which ethnic groups face a greater risk of hate crime?

  Minority ethnic groups
• Who is at greater risk of violent attacks?

  Males
• What types of violence are women more likely to experience?

  Domestic violence and sexual violence
• What percentage of homicide victims are male?

  About 70%
• Who faces a higher risk of hate crime besides ethnic minorities?

  Trans individuals
• What percentage of individuals account for 44% of all crime victims?


  4%
• What percentage of people experience no crime in a given year?

  60%
• What are the main features of positivist victimology?

  • Identifying factors contributing to victimization
  • Focusing on interpersonal violent crimes
  • Examining victim contributions to their own victimization
• Who defined positivist victimology?

  Miers (1989)
• What did early positivist studies explore?

  Victim proneness
• What did Von Hentig identify in his study?

  13 victim characteristics
• What percentage of homicides involved victim precipitation in Wolfgang's study?

  26%
• What is a major criticism of positivist victimology?

  It risks victim-blaming
• What types of crime does positivist victimology overlook?

  Corporate and environmental crime
• What does critical victimology emphasize?

  Structural factors in victimization patterns
• What do Marxists argue about poverty and inequality?

  They foster crime and victimization
• How do feminists view patriarchal structures in relation to crime?

  They perpetuate crimes against women
• What is a notable example of state crime affecting victims?

  Bhopal disaster
• What do critical criminologists argue about the state's role?

  The state often sides with the powerful
• What do Tombs and Whyte (2007) argue about health and safety violations?

  They are often labeled as industrial accidents
• What discourages victims of domestic violence from reporting?

  Sexism in the criminal justice system
• What is a criticism of critical victimology?

  It may overlook victim contributions to victimization
• What do realists argue criminologists should focus on?

  Crime reduction strategies
• What module is victimology relevant to in A-level sociology?

  Crime and Deviance module
• Who authored the material on victimology?

  Karl Thompson
• When was the material last updated?

  October 27, 2024
• What is the focus of the Crime and Deviance specification?

  Understanding crime and victimization
• What is the significance of the hierarchy of victimization?

  It shows who receives state acknowledgment
• What do structural factors in critical victimology include?

  Poverty and patriarchy