Cybercrime

• What does cybercrime refer to?

  Illegal activities using a computer over a network
• What are some common types of cybercrime?

  • Identity and data theft
  • Internet fraud (online scams)
  • Hacking (unauthorised access)
  • Infecting devices with viruses
  • Denial of Service attacks
  • File sharing in breach of copyright
  • 3D Printing of illegal products
  • Cyberwarfare
  • Child pornography
• What are the key characteristics of cybercrime?

  Use of digital technologies over networked devices
• Why is disconnecting devices a strategy against cybercrime?

  It reduces the risk of unauthorized access
• What does it mean that cybercrime is non-local in nature?

  It occurs in cyberspace, not physical locations
• What is the significance of the 'data gap' in cybercrime?

  Most victims know nothing about their attackers
• What is the distinction between cyber-dependent and cyber-enabled crime?

  • Cyber-dependent crime: Only possible over networks (e.g., hacking)
  • Cyber-enabled crime: Traditional crimes made easier online (e.g., identity theft)
• What is an example of a cyber-dependent crime?

  Hacking
• What is an example of a cyber-enabled crime?

  Identity theft
• How has the internet changed traditional crimes?

  It has made them easier to commit
• What are some contemporary examples of cybercrime?

  • Identity and data theft
  • Internet fraud (online scams)
  • Hacking
  • Data breaches
• What percentage of the internet is visible?

  5%
• What is the Deep Web?

  Part of the internet not indexed by search engines
• What happens during a data breach?

  A company's private records are accessed illegally
• What is the annual cost of data breaches to companies?

  Over $2 trillion annually
• How can stolen personal data be misused?

  Used for phishing attempts or identity theft
• What is a common type of phishing scam?

  'You've won a prize' emails
• What are some types of internet fraud?

  • Covid-19 scams
  • Get rich quick investment scams
  • Instagram influencer scams
  • Phishing scams
  • False shopping scams
  • Nigerian Romance (419) scam
• What is the 'Nigerian Romance' scam?

  A scam involving fake dating profiles
• What is 'Scareware'?

  Fake alerts claiming your computer is infected
• How do scammers exploit the 'Scareware' tactic?

  They gain access to victims' computers
• What is the 'Microsoft Windows has been infected' scam?

  A scam claiming your Windows software is infected
• What can happen if you fall for a 'Scareware' scam?

  Scammers may steal your personal data
• What are the consequences of internet fraud?

  • Financial loss for victims
  • Emotional distress
  • Erosion of trust in online transactions
  • Increased security measures
• What is the 'Microsoft Windows has been infected' scam also known as?

  Indian Call Centre scam
• What do scammers do during the 'Indian Call Centre' scam?

  They gain access to your PC and steal data
• What can scammers use stolen bank details for?

  To steal money or create fake accounts
• How did the victim in the BBC article lose money to a scammer?

  By investing in a fake currency trading scheme
• How much money did the victim lose to the Instagram scammer?

  £17,000
• What is a notable statistic about Instagram accounts mentioned in the text?

  Almost half of accounts are fake
• Who is Kevin Poulson?

  A famous hacker known for ARPANET hack
• What was the outcome of Kevin Poulson's hacking as a minor?

  He was caught but not prosecuted
• What did Kevin Poulson do at the age of 17?

  He hacked into ARPANET, The Pentagon's system
• What is the significance of Kevin Poulson's story in understanding criminal behavior?

  It provides insight into the motivations of hackers
• What is 'hactivism' commonly associated with?

  The group Anonymous
• What was a notable action taken by Anonymous around 2010?

  They hacked Scientology's systems
• How has hactivism reportedly changed during the Covid-19 pandemic?

  It has seen a resurgence
• What can 3D printers be used to create illegally?

  Guns, access cards, and drugs
• What is cyberwarfare?

  Attacks by nation states on systems
• Which country has been accused of cyberwarfare recently?

  Russia