Industrial Era Medicine 1700-1900

• What theory was prevalent before Germ Theory?

  Spontaneous Generation
• What did Louis Pasteur blame for souring beet used in alcohol fermentation?

  Germs in the air
• How did Pasteur prove that germs were in the air?

  By sterilizing water in a closed flask
• In what year did Pasteur publish his Germ Theory?

  1861
• What did Pasteur argue in his Germ Theory?

  Microbes cause decay and disease
• Who contributed to understanding cholera in 1855?

  John Snow
• What was the impact of John Snow's work on disease prevention?

  Linked contaminated water to cholera
• What did the 1875 Public Health Act address?

  Unclean water and sanitation issues
• What was Edward Jenner known for in medicine?

  Developing the smallpox vaccine
• How did Jenner's work impact inoculation practices?

  Removed the need for dangerous inoculations
• What was the purpose of aseptic surgery?

  Prevent germs from entering surgical sites
• What practices are involved in aseptic surgery?

  Sterilizing instruments and wearing gloves
• Who discovered nitrous oxide as an anesthetic?

  Humphry Davy
• What was the significance of Crawford Long's discovery?

  He discovered ether as an anesthetic
• What anesthetic did James Simpson discover for childbirth?

  Chloroform
• How did Joseph Lister contribute to surgery?

  Developed antiseptic techniques
• What was the impact of Lister's antiseptic methods?

  Reduced surgery death rates significantly
• What did Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine achieve?

  Immunization against smallpox
• What scientific developments aided Pasteur and Koch's work?

  Advancements in microscopy and hygiene
• How did Koch contribute to Germ Theory?

  Identified specific microbes linked to diseases
• What did Koch discover about germs and air exposure?

  Germs weaken when exposed to air
• How did Pasteur develop vaccinations from Germ Theory?

  By weakening germs before injection
• What are the key contributions of Pasteur, Snow, and Jenner to medicine?

  • Pasteur: Developed Germ Theory, linked germs to disease
  • Snow: Linked contaminated water to cholera
  • Jenner: Created the smallpox vaccine, immunization
• What were the advancements in surgical practices during the Industrial Era?

  • Introduction of antiseptic techniques by Lister
  • Development of anesthetics like chloroform and ether
  • Aseptic surgery practices to prevent infections
• What was the impact of the 1875 Public Health Act?

  • Addressed sanitation and clean water issues
  • Improved public health standards
  • Linked to the reduction of cholera outbreaks
• When did the INDUSTRIAL Period start?

  1700
• Who infected people with cowpox to prevent Smallpox?

  Edward Jenner
• What was the purpose of Edward Jenner's cowpox infection?

  To prevent them from getting Smallpox
• What did Humphry Davis identify as an anaesthetic in 1799?

  Nitric Acid
• Which anaesthetic was identified by Crawford Long in 1842?

  Ether
• Who discovered that chloroform can be used as an anaesthetic?

  James Simpson
• What was proven to be linked to Cholera?

  Dirty water
• Who made the link between dirty water and Cholera outbreaks in 1855?

  John Snow
• What did Florence Nightingale stress in her 1859 publication?

  The importance of hygiene in hospitals
• What significant theory did Louis Pasteur publish in 1861?

  Germ Theory
• What does Germ Theory claim?

  Illness is caused by harmful microbes
• What did Joseph Lister use to prevent infection in surgery in 1865?

  Carbolic acid Spray
• What event in 1865 led to the planning of a new sewage system?

  The 'Big Stink' in the River Thames
• What was passed in 1875 to improve public health?

  Public Health Act
• Who built on Germ Theory in 1876 to link specific microbes with diseases?

  Robert Koch