4.5 Haloalkanes

• What is a haloalkane?

  A compound with hydrogen replaced by a halogen
• How are haloalkanes classified?

  Into primary, secondary, and tertiary types
• What characterizes a primary haloalkane?

  One alkyl group attached to the carbon
• How many alkyl groups are attached to a secondary haloalkane's carbon?

  Two alkyl groups
• What defines a tertiary haloalkane?

  Three alkyl groups attached to the carbon
• What is the general formula for a primary haloalkane?

  CH₃X
• What is the structure of a tertiary haloalkane example?

  CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂Cl
• Why are haloalkanes more reactive than alkanes?

  Due to polar carbon-halogen bonds
• What type of reactions do haloalkanes undergo?

  Nucleophilic substitution reactions
• Why can nucleophiles attack the carbon in haloalkanes?

  Because of the partial positive charge on carbon
• What are typical products of nucleophilic substitution reactions of haloalkanes?

  Alcohols, amines, and nitriles
• What happens to the halogen atom during nucleophilic substitution?

  It is substituted by another atom or group