Momentum

• What is momentum?

  A property of all moving objects
• How is momentum calculated?

  Mass multiplied by velocity
• What type of quantity is momentum?

  A vector quantity
• If the forward direction is to the right, what is the momentum of the dinosaur?

  Positive momentum
• If the forward direction is to the right, what is the momentum of the car?

  Negative momentum
• What does the conservation of momentum principle state?

  Total momentum before equals total momentum after
• How do you find the total momentum before a collision?

  Add the momentums of both objects
• What does a positive total momentum indicate in this scenario?

  Movement to the right
• How do you find the shared velocity after the collision?

  Velocity equals momentum divided by mass
• What happens to momentum when stationary objects are involved?

  Total momentum remains zero
• What is the initial momentum of a stationary gun?

  Zero momentum
• What happens to the gun's momentum when it fires a bullet?

  Gun recoils with equal momentum
• How do you find the gun's recoil velocity?

  Rearrange the momentum equation
• What does a negative recoil velocity indicate?

  Movement in the opposite direction
• What is the symbol for momentum?

  p
• How can the momentum equation be expressed using the symbol?

  $p =$$mv$
• What are the key concepts of momentum discussed in the video?

  • Momentum is mass times velocity
  • Momentum is a vector quantity
  • Conservation of momentum principle
  • Total momentum before equals total momentum after
• What are the steps to calculate the recoil velocity of a gun after firing?

  1. Calculate bullet's momentum
  2. Set gun's momentum + bullet's momentum = 0
  3. Rearrange to find gun's velocity
• What are the implications of momentum conservation in collisions?

  • Momentum before collision equals momentum after
  • Direction of movement is important
  • Can analyze multiple object interactions
• What is momentum equal to?

  Mass times velocity
• How does applying a force affect an object's momentum?

  It changes the object's momentum
• If a 2 kg particle travels at 5 m/s, what is its momentum?

  10 kg m/s
• What is the equation for calculating force based on momentum change?

  Force = change in momentum / time
• How do you calculate the change in momentum for the particle?

  Final momentum minus initial momentum
• How can the equation for force also be expressed using momentum variables?

  Force = (mv - mu) / time
• How do you calculate the force required to accelerate the ball?

  Use the equation with given values
• Why is understanding momentum change important in car crashes?

  It helps reduce injury risk
• What happens to momentum during a car crash?

  It decreases to zero almost instantly
• How can the change in momentum be spread out to reduce force?

  By increasing the time over which it occurs
• What safety features in cars help reduce injury during crashes?

  • Crumple zones
  • Seat belts
  • Airbags
  • Helmets
  • Crash mats
• How do crumple zones function in a car crash?

  • Crumple on impact
  • Increase time to lose momentum
  • Reduce force experienced by occupants
• What are the functions of seat belts in a car?

  • Prevent ejection from the car
  • Stretch slightly to slow down occupants
• How do airbags help during a collision?

  • Compressible like a pillow
  • Increase time to lose momentum
  • Reduce force on occupants
• What is the key principle behind safety systems in vehicles?


  • Increase time for momentum loss
  • Result in lower force on occupants
  • Reduce risk of harm
• What is the force experienced by a person in a car crash due to rapid momentum change?

  Huge force
• What injuries can result from a car crash due to momentum change?

  Head trauma or spinal damage
• How do safety features in cars relate to physics concepts?

  They apply principles of momentum and force