Leadership

• What is the primary focus of managers?

  Day-to-day activities
• What is the primary focus of leaders?

  Guiding people and providing vision
• How do managers motivate employees?

  By delegating opportunities to them
• What is a democratic leadership style characterized by?

  Channels of discussion and listening to staff
• What defines an autocratic leadership style?

  No discussion; employees are told what to do
• What does a paternalistic leadership style involve?

  Consulting employees and making decisions for them
• What is the laissez-faire leadership style characterized by?

  Giving employees autonomy to operate
• What does 'span of control' refer to?

  Number of people delegated responsibilities
• What is a key characteristic of authoritarian leadership?

  Minimal consultation and top-down communication
• When is an authoritarian leadership style most likely used?

  When subordinates are unskilled and not trusted
• What does McGregor's Theory X approach imply?

  Focus on control and minimal delegation
• What is the paternalistic leadership style linked to?

  Mayo's theory addressing employee needs
• How does the paternalistic style relate to employee motivation?

  Results in better motivation and lower turnover
• What is a characteristic of team-oriented leadership?

  Leadership functions are shared within the group
• What is emphasized in team-oriented leadership?

  Greater employee involvement in decision-making
• What is a potential trade-off in team-oriented leadership?

  Decision-making speed versus motivation
• When is team-oriented leadership most effective?

  When skilled and experienced subordinates are involved
• What is the focus of power in authoritarian leadership?

  With the manager
• What type of communication is typical in authoritarian leadership?

  Top-down and one-way
• What is the role of rewards and penalties in authoritarian leadership?

  Used to control and motivate employees