chapter 6

• What does the molecular formula show?

  The actual number of each type of atom
• What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

  Contains a C=C double bond
• What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

  Contains single carbon-carbon bonds only
• What is the general formula?

  Algebraic formula for a homologous series
• What does the empirical formula show?

  The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element
• What does the displayed formula show?

  All the covalent bonds present in a molecule
• What is the shape around the carbon atom in saturated hydrocarbons?

  Tetrahedral
• What is the bond angle around the carbon atom in saturated hydrocarbons?

  $109.5^\circ$
• What does the skeletal formula show?

  Simplified organic formula, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
• What does the structural formula show?

  Minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
• What is a homologous series?

  Families of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula
• What is a functional group?

  An atom or group of atoms which causes molecules to have similar chemical properties
• What is the suffix for alkanes?

  -ane
• What is the suffix for alkenes?

  -ene
• What is the suffix for alcohols?

  -ol
• What is the prefix for halogenoalkanes?

  chloro-, bromo-, iodo-
• What is the suffix for aldehydes?

  -al
• What is the suffix for ketones?

  -one
• What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

  -oic acid
• What is the suffix for esters?

  -yl –oate
• What is the order of priority for functional groups?

  Carboxylic acids > aldehydes > ketones > alcohols > alkenes > halogenoalkanes
• What is the prefix for a carbon chain with 1 carbon?

  meth-
• What is the prefix for a carbon chain with 2 carbons?

  eth-
• What is the prefix for a carbon chain with 3 carbons?

  prop-
• What is the prefix for a carbon chain with 4 carbons?

  but-
• What is the prefix for a carbon chain with 5 carbons?

  pent-
• What is the prefix for a carbon chain with 6 carbons?

  hex-
• What is the prefix for a carbon chain with 7 carbons?

  hept-
• What is the prefix for a carbon chain with 8 carbons?

  oct-
• What is the prefix for a carbon chain with 9 carbons?

  non-
• What is the prefix for a carbon chain with 10 carbons?

  dec-
• What is the correct name for CH3CH2CH2CH3?

  Butane
• What is the correct name for CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3?

  Pentane
• What is the correct name for CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3?

  Hexane
• What is the correct name for CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3?

  Heptane
• What is the correct name for CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3?

  Octane
• What is the correct name for CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3?

  Nonane
• What is the correct name for CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3?

  Decane
• What is the correct name for CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3?

  Undecane
• What is the correct name for CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3?

  Dodecane