Bowlby study

• What was the title of Bowlby's 1944 study?

  Forty-four juvenile thieves
• What did research in the 1930s and 40s suggest about child separation?

  It might have long-lasting effects
• What did Spitz and Wolf (1946) find about infants separated from their mothers?

  Infants became severely depressed
• How many children studied by Spitz and Wolf died before their first birthday?

  One third
• What did Skeels and Dye (1939) find about children in orphanages?

  They suffered impaired intellectual development
• What improvement did Skodak and Skeels (1949) observe in orphanage children?

  Improvement after being placed in a care facility
• What did Bowlby conclude about habitual delinquency?

  It may be explained by early separation
• What was the main crime charge noted by Bowlby in juvenile cases?

  Theft
• What demographic did Bowlby note was largely involved in theft?

  Young people
• How many groups of participants were in Bowlby's study?

  Three groups
• What did Bowlby argue was the cause of delinquent behavior?

  Separation from the mother
• What was the control group in Bowlby's study?

  Children not involved in theft
• How many children were in the control group?

  44 children
• What was the age range of the 44 thieves?

  5-17 years old
• What intelligence measure was used for the 44 thieves?

  The Binet scale
• What percentage of the 44 thieves had an IQ between 85-114?

  About 50%
• How were the 44 thieves graded in terms of stealing severity?

  From Grade 1 to Grade 4
• How many thieves were classified as Grade 4 (chronic and serious thefts)?

  22 thieves
• What was the purpose of interviewing the mothers in Bowlby's study?

  To assess the children's case histories
• What was the method of sampling used by Bowlby?

  Opportunity sampling
• How long did the psychiatrist's interview with the child and parent take?

  About 2 hours
• What types of personality did Bowlby categorize the children into?

  Six different personality types
• What characterizes 'Affectionless Characters' according to Bowlby?

  Lack of normal affection and responsibility
• What was the age of Claude W. when referred to the clinic?

  16 years old
• What traumatic event did Edward G. L. experience at age 5?

  His father was killed in an accident
• What was Audrey H.'s IQ score?

  159
• What behavior did Ronald H. exhibit that was notable?

  Strong desire to please others
• What was Kenneth G.'s behavior towards his mother?

  He showed no affection
• What did Alan E. experience from his mother after his brother's death?

  Overprotectiveness
• What was a common behavior among Schizoid Characters like Alan E.?

  Violent outbursts and quarrelsomeness
• How did Bowlby categorize children with chronic depression?

  As 'Depressed Characters'
• What was the main focus of Bowlby's study?

  Link between maternal separation and theft
• What are the six personality types identified by Bowlby?

  • Normal
  • Depressed
  • Circular
  • Hyperthymic
  • Affectionless
  • Schizoid
• What are the procedures followed in Bowlby's study?

  1. Opportunity sampling of children
  2. IQ testing by a psychologist
  3. Interviews with mothers for case histories
  4. Psychiatric interviews with children
  5. Weekly meetings for ongoing assessment
• What were the findings regarding the 44 thieves in Bowlby's study?

  • Categorized into six personality types
  • Noted emotional and behavioral issues
  • Linked to early maternal separation
• What are the implications of Bowlby's findings on child development?

  • Importance of maternal attachment
  • Long-term effects of separation
  • Need for emotional care in childhood
• At what age did the boy start stealing?

  5 years old
• What did the boy and three other boys do at age 11?

  They forged a cheque and cashed it
• What character type is associated with a lack of normal affection?

  Affectionless Character
• What age was Alan E. referred to the clinic?

  9 years old