Human Geography key terminology

• What does agriculture involve?

  Applying business skills to farming
• What is the goal of energy conservation?

  Reducing energy consumption by using less energy
• What are food miles?

  The distance food travels to consumers
• What does food security ensure?

  Access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food
• What is a food surplus?

  When food supply exceeds demand
• What is a fossil fuel?

  A natural fuel formed from living organisms
• What is the Green Revolution?

  An increase in crop production using fertilizers
• What is irrigation?

  Supplying land with water through canals
• What does local food sourcing mean?

  Buying food grown closer to home
• What characterizes organic produce?

  Grown without chemicals like fertilizers
• What is a resource?

  A stock or supply with value or purpose
• What are the three most important resources?

  Food, water, and energy
• What is sustainable energy supply?

  Energy used without harming future generations
• What are renewable sources of energy?

  Solar, wind, and geothermal energy
• What is undernutrition (malnutrition)?

  Not eating enough nutrients to cover needs
• What is a water deficit?

  When water demand exceeds supply
• What is water stress?

  When demand for water exceeds supply
• What is a water surplus?

  When water supply exceeds demand
• What is water transfer?

  Moving water from surplus to deficit areas
• What is urbanisation?

  Increasing population in towns and cities
• What defines a megacity?

  A city with over ten million people
• What is urban sprawl?

  The outward growth of urban areas
• What does economic change aim to improve?

  Standard of living through employment
• What is employment?

  Regular wage and job rights for workers
• What is the informal economy?

  Employment outside government knowledge
• What are inequalities?

  Differences in wealth and access to services
• What is migration?

  Moving from one area to another
• What is natural increase?

  When birth rate exceeds death rate
• What is pollution?

  Presence of harmful substances in the environment
• What are push factors?

  Negative reasons encouraging people to leave
• What are pull factors?

  Positive factors enticing people to move in
• What is an informal/squatter settlement?

  Poor-quality housing lacking basic services
• What does sanitation involve?

  Measures to protect public health and hygiene
• What is social deprivation?

  Deprivation of services and decent housing
• What are social opportunities?

  Chances to improve quality of life
• What is traffic congestion?

  Too much traffic causing delays and pollution
• What is waste recycling?

  Extracting and reusing substances from waste