neuroscience debate

• What is neuroscience?

  The study of brain and nervous system effects
• What are the four main areas of ethical debate in neuroscience?

  1. Understanding Consciousness
  2. Treating Criminal Behaviour
  3. Enhancing Neurological Functioning
  4. Improving Marketing Techniques
• What ethical issue arises from manipulating thoughts and behavior in neuroscience?

  It may create more difficulties despite benefits
• Who proposed that the Claustrum is the seat of consciousness?

  Crick and Koch
• What happened to the woman with severe epilepsy during the stimulation of her Claustrum?

  She stopped responding and lost consciousness
• What are the implications of understanding consciousness for patients in comas?

  It can inform decisions about ending life
• Why is it problematic to use the case study of the woman with epilepsy as evidence for consciousness detection?

  Consciousness may return later, not permanent
• What is the role of serotonin in human aggression according to the study mentioned?

  It affects impulsivity and aggression levels
• What medication was used in the study to evaluate serotonin's role in aggression?

  Paroxetine
• What were the results of administering paroxetine to subjects with a history of criminal behavior?

  Decreased impulsive responses were observed
• What is a limitation of attributing criminal behavior solely to biology?

  It ignores social context and influences
• What does Farah (2004) argue about neurological interventions in courts?

  It denies individuals their freedom of thought
• What does TDCS stand for?

  Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
• What improvements can TDCS lead to according to Kadosh et al. (2012)?

  Enhancements in problem-solving and memory
• Why is there a concern about administering TDCS?

  No training is required for administration
• How is TDCS compared to performance-enhancing drugs in sports?

  Both should be banned for fairness
• What is neuromarketing?

  Application of neuroscience in marketing strategies
• What issue arises when people are interviewed by market researchers?

  They may not provide truthful answers
• What was the effect of the 'Force' Volkswagen advert created using neuromarketing?

  Increased website visits and sales
• Why do some consider neuromarketing unethical?

  It manipulates inner thoughts and free will
• What is a potential issue with neuromarketing firms regarding ethical codes?

  They are not obliged to follow ethical codes
• What was the estimated cost of depression in adults in England in 2000?

  £9.1 billion
• What is the annual cost of treating dementia to the UK economy?

  £23 billion
• How can neuroscientists impact the UK economy?

  By treating or curing disorders effectively
• What responsibility do neuroscientists have towards society?

  To inform society about their work's implications