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Paper 2
Homeostasis
Kidney failure
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Created by
Holly Rashid
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Cards (26)
What can cause the kidneys to not work properly?
Accidents
or
disease
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How many functioning kidneys can humans survive with?
One
functioning kidney
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What happens if both kidneys are damaged?
Build-up of
toxic wastes
occurs
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What is the consequence of untreated kidney failure?
Death from
toxin build-up
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What is the usual treatment for someone with kidney failure?
Dialysis
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What are the treatment options for kidney failure?
Kidney dialysis
Kidney transplant
Artificial kidney machines
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What is the purpose of dialysis?
To
filter
blood and remove
toxins
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How are patients connected to the dialysis machine?
Through an
artery
in the arm
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What separates blood and dialysis fluid in the machine?
A
partially permeable membrane
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In which direction does blood flow in relation to dialysis fluid?
Opposite direction
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What is the concentration of glucose in dialysis fluid?
Similar to
normal blood levels
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What is the concentration of salts in dialysis fluid?
Similar to
normal blood levels
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What is the concentration of urea in dialysis fluid?
No
urea present
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Why is the dialysis fluid continually refreshed?
To maintain
concentration gradients
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How long does dialysis typically take to complete?
3-4
hours
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How often does dialysis need to be done?
Several
times a week
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What is added to the blood before it runs through the dialysis machine?
An
anticoagulant
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What is the main advantage of kidney transplants over dialysis?
Better
long-term
solution
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What is a disadvantage of kidney transplants?
Risk of
immune response
to new kidney
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What must be taken to suppress the immune response after a transplant?
Immunosuppressant
drugs
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What is a consequence of taking immunosuppressant drugs?
Increased vulnerability to
infections
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What is a challenge regarding kidney donors?
Not enough
donors to meet
demand
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What is a benefit of having a close matched kidney for transplant?
More freedom from
dialysis
schedule
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How does a kidney transplant affect a patient's diet compared to dialysis?
Less
restrictive
diet
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What financial benefit does a kidney transplant provide over dialysis?
Removes
the
cost
of
dialysis
machines
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How does the duration of effectiveness compare between dialysis and kidney transplants?
Transplant
is a long-term solution
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