LAST MINUTE REVISION!!!

• What influences Imperial policy according to the lesson?

  Trading, European competition, and individuals
• What economic factors are considered in the development of the British Empire?

  Trading and commerce
• How did the Empire influence British attitudes and culture?

  By shaping public views on Empire
• Who are considered the indigenous peoples in the context of the British Empire?

  The local populations of the Empire
• What role do key individuals and groups play in the developments of the Empire?

  They influence decisions and actions
• What significant event in the Americas is mentioned regarding the British Empire?

  Loss of the 13 colonies
• What was the British response to the loss of the American colonies?

  Granting Canada more control in 1867
• What does it mean for Canada to become a Dominion in 1867?

  Canada gained control over its own affairs
• What strategic points did Britain control in the Mediterranean?

  Gibraltar and Menorca
• Why was the acquisition of Cyprus in 1878 significant?

  It was important for trade routes to India
• What was the impact of the Suez Canal's completion in 1869?

  Shortened the route to India by 6,000 miles
• Who was the British Prime Minister that acquired shares in the Suez Canal in 1875?

  Benjamin Disraeli
• What was the local Egyptian ruler's situation regarding debt after the Suez Canal was built?

  He was in a lot of debt
• Why was Sudan strategically important to Egypt?

  Control of the Nile's water supply
• What happened in 1881 in Sudan?

  A major uprising occurred
• What was the British response to the uprisings in Egypt and Sudan?

  They launched an invasion to restore order
• What does a "veiled protectorate" mean in the context of British control in Egypt?

  British control behind a local ruler
• Who was the British military official known as "Chinese Gordon"?

  General Gordon
• What was Gladstone's view on expanding the Empire?

  Empire should be a trading empire
• What happened to General Gordon in Khartoum?

  He was killed during a military conflict
• How did Gordon's death affect British public opinion?

  It created a call for revenge
• Who was the British Prime Minister during the re-conquest of Sudan in 1895?

  Lord Salisbury
• What was the significance of the Fashoda Incident in 1898?

  It confirmed British control over Sudan
• What type of protectorate was established in Egypt in 1914?

  Official protectorate
• Who were the British explorers that discovered land in East Africa in the 1850s?

  Burton and Speke
• What was the British strategy regarding chartered companies during the Scramble for Africa?

  To show effective occupation of territories
• Why did the British government allow chartered companies to operate again?

  To counter European rivals in Africa
• What are the key questions to consider when studying the British Empire?

  • Why did the Empire grow and contract?
  • What influences Imperial policy?
  • What economic factors played a role?
  • How did the Empire influence British attitudes?
  • How did indigenous peoples respond?
  • What role did key individuals and groups play?
• What were the main events leading to British control in Egypt and Sudan?

  1. Completion of the Suez Canal in 1869
  2. British acquisition of shares in 1875
  3. Uprisings in Egypt and Sudan in 1881 and 1882
  4. British invasion and establishment of a veiled protectorate
  5. Gordon's death and public outcry for revenge
  6. Re-conquest of Sudan in 1895
  7. Fashoda Incident in 1898
• What was the role of chartered companies in the British Empire during the Scramble for Africa?

  • Show effective occupation of territories
  • Counter European rivals
  • Facilitate British expansion without direct control
  • Operate in areas of potential resource discovery
• What was the status of the East India Company during the Scramble for Africa?

  It had been dissolved
• Why did the British bring back chartered companies during the Scramble for Africa?

  To show effective occupation of territories
• How did chartered companies help the British in Africa?

  They demonstrated effective occupation to other countries
• What role did Sir William McKinnon play in British expansion in Africa?

  He was key in expanding British control
• When did Britain start expanding its control into East Africa?

  From 1889 onwards
• What was the significance of the Cape area for the British in the 1500s?

  It was a strategic stop on the route to Asia
• Who were the first European settlers in the Cape area?

  The Dutch
• What was the religious background of the Dutch settlers known as Boers?

  They were strict Protestants, Calvinists
• How did the Dutch settlers utilize African labor?

  They often used enslaved people for labor
• When did the British acquire the Cape from the Dutch?

  In 1806