INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER

• What is the crime referred to as unlawful act manslaughter?

  It is a type of involuntary manslaughter.
• What does involuntary manslaughter mean?

  The defendant caused death without intent to kill.
• What is the key element missing in involuntary manslaughter?

  The mens rea of intent to kill.
• What is the significance of the Queen's peace in involuntary manslaughter?

  It refers to the lawful context of the killing.
• What is the maximum sentence for unlawful act manslaughter?

  Up to a life sentence at the judge's discretion.
• What are some typical examples of unlawful acts leading to manslaughter?

  Arson, battery, robbery, drug supply.
• What is constructive manslaughter?

  Manslaughter constructed from a root crime.
• What are the four elements required for unlawful act manslaughter?

  Unlawful act, dangerous act, causation, mens rea.
• What does "unlawful" mean in the context of unlawful act manslaughter?

  It refers to actions that are criminal in nature.
• What is required for an act to be considered dangerous in unlawful act manslaughter?

  It must be dangerous according to the Church test.
• What does the Church test assess?

  Whether a reasonable person would foresee harm.
• Why might fraud not be considered a dangerous act?

  A reasonable person wouldn't foresee harm from fraud.
• How does the case of Goodfellow illustrate unlawful act manslaughter?

  He set a fire that led to deaths.
• What is the significance of the thin skull rule in causation?

  The defendant is liable for all consequences of their act.
• What breaks the chain of causation in drug-related deaths?

  The victim's unreasonable action of self-administration.
• What is required for gross negligence manslaughter?

  A duty of care must be established.
• What is an example of a special duty of care?

  A lifeguard's duty to save drowning individuals.
• How does the case of Evans relate to gross negligence manslaughter?

  The defendant failed to seek help for an overdose.
• What does "gross" mean in gross negligence manslaughter?

  It indicates a severe breach of care standards.
• What is the circular test in gross negligence manslaughter?

  It assesses if negligence is so bad it’s criminal.
• What must be proven for a breach to cause a victim's death?

  Factual and legal causation must be established.
• What is the potential sentence for gross negligence manslaughter?

  It could be a life sentence or another sentence.