embryology

• What is the starting point of the embryology series?

  End of fertilization
• What process begins after the second week?

  Gastrulation
• What anatomical structures are mentioned in relation to fertilization?

  Vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes
• What hormone is released around day 14 or 15 of the menstrual cycle?

  Luteinizing hormone
• What does the hypothalamus release to stimulate the anterior pituitary?

  Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
• What does luteinizing hormone stimulate in the ovaries?

  Production of fluid
• What is the role of prostaglandins in ovulation?

  Dilate vessels and increase leakiness
• What is the stage of the oocyte at ovulation?

  Secondary oocyte in metaphase II
• What happens when a sperm cell meets a secondary oocyte?

  It triggers the completion of meiosis II
• What must the sperm undergo to fertilize the oocyte?

  Capacitation
• What receptors does the sperm cell attach to on the oocyte?

  ZP3 receptors
• What does the sperm release to penetrate the oocyte?

  Hydrolytic enzymes
• How many chromosomes are in the zygote after fertilization?

  46 chromosomes
• What is the process called when the zygote begins to divide?

  Cleavage
• What is the name of the structure formed after the 16-cell stage?

  Morula
• What are the cells in the morula called?

  Blastomeres
• What is the process of forming a blastocyst from a morula called?

  Blastulation
• What are the two main parts of the blastocyst?

  Inner cell mass and outer cell mass
• What does the outer cell mass develop into?

  Trophoblast
• What does the inner cell mass develop into?

  Embryoblast
• What are the two specialized layers formed from the trophoblast?

  Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
• What does the embryo blast eventually develop into?

  Bilateral disk
• What is the significance of the bilaminar disk?

  It will develop into the embryo
• What happens to the trophoblast during development?

  It forms structures like the placenta
• What is the final stage of development discussed in the first week?

  Formation of the trilaminar disk
• What are the key steps in the first week of embryonic development?

  1. Ovulation
  2. Fertilization
  3. Cleavage (zygote to 16-cell stage)
  4. Morula to blastocyst
  5. Differentiation into trophoblast and embryoblast
• How do the trophoblast and embryoblast differ in function during early development?

  • Trophoblast: Forms placenta structures
  • Embryoblast: Develops into the embryo
• What is the focus of the video discussed?

  Development of the embryo
• What stages of embryo development were covered in the first video?

  Fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst formation
• What process will be mainly discussed in this video?

  Gastrulation
• What will be briefly mentioned alongside gastrulation?

  Implantation
• What is the significance of the trophoblast?

  It forms part of the chorion and placenta
• What does the inner cell mass differentiate into?

  Embryoblast
• What structure does the embryoblast form?

  Bilaminar disk
• What is the role of the placenta?

  Provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
• What are the two layers of the trophoblast?

  Saitotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
• What happens to the cell membranes of the syncytiotrophoblast during proliferation?

  They start disintegrating
• What is formed when the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast cells fuses?

  Syncytium
• What is the uterine lining called?

  Endometrium
• What do the hydrolytic enzymes released by syncytiotrophoblast do?

  They help implant into the uterine lining