MicroPara

• What does the term microbiology derive from?


  Greek words for small life study
• What are microorganisms?


  Organisms too small to be seen without aid
• How are microorganisms categorized?

  Cellular and acellular
• What are the two types of cellular microorganisms?

  Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• What are examples of prokaryotes?

  Bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaea
• What are examples of eukaryotes?

  Fungi, protozoa, and algae
• What does acellular microorganisms include?

  Viruses
• What are the fields of study in microbiology?

  1. Bacteriology - study of bacteria
  2. Virology - study of viruses
  3. Mycology - study of fungi
  4. Parasitology - study of protozoa and parasitic worms
  5. Phycology - study of algae
  6. Immunology - study of the immune system
• Why is microbiology important?

  Microorganisms impact daily human life
• What is normal flora?

  Microorganisms that inhabit the human body
• What can cause disease in normal flora?

  Compromised immune systems
• How old are the fossils of primitive microorganisms found in Australia?

  3.5 billion years
• What epidemic occurred in 3180 BC?

  The plague in Egypt
• What disease outbreak occurred in 1122 BC?

  A smallpox-like disease from China
• Who discovered the cell in the mid-1600s?

  Robert Hooke
• What theory did Robert Hooke's discovery lead to?

  The cell theory
• Who is known as the "Father of Microbiology"?

  Anton von Leeuwenhoek
• What did Anton von Leeuwenhoek call microorganisms?

  Animalcules
• What did Louis Pasteur develop to kill microorganisms in liquids?

  Pasteurization
• What are aerobes and anaerobes?

  Types of microorganisms based on oxygen needs
• Who proved that microorganisms cause certain diseases?

  Robert Koch
• What are Koch's postulates?

  Steps to prove microorganisms cause diseases
• What contributions did scientists make during the Golden Age of Microbiology?

  • Edward Jenner: smallpox vaccine
  • Joseph Lister: aseptic surgery
  • Paul Ehrlich: Salvarsan for syphilis
  • Alexander Fleming: penicillin discovery
• What was the impact of antibiotics after World War II?

  Reduced incidence of infectious diseases
• What was the first antibiotic discovered?

  Penicillin
• What technological advancement occurred in the 1930s for microbiology?

  The development of the electron microscope
• What did viral culture introduce in microbiology?

  Rapid discoveries on viruses
• What advancements in microscopy occurred since the 1600s?

  • Development of compound microscopes
  • Introduction of electron microscopes
  • Enhanced magnification capabilities
• What is a compound microscope?

  A microscope with multiple magnifying lenses
• How much can a compound microscope magnify objects?

  Approximately a thousand times
• What is the main source of illumination for a compound microscope?

  Visible light
• What are the two lens systems in a compound microscope?

  Ocular lens and objective lens
• What is the magnifying power of the ocular lens in a compound microscope?

  10x
• Where is the objective lens located in a compound microscope?

  Above the organism to be viewed
• What is the topmost part of the microscope called?

  Ocular lens or eyepiece
• What is the function of the revolving nose piece in a microscope?

  It holds the objective lenses above the stage
• Why is the diopter adjustment important in a microscope?

  It corrects vision differences between eyes
• What connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses?

  Body tube or head
• What part of the microscope connects the body tube to the base?

  Arm
• What is the purpose of the coarse adjustment knob?

  It brings the specimen into general focus