regionalism and EU

• What is ASEAN's primary objective?

  Accelerate economic growth and social progress
• What is a secondary objective of ASEAN?

  Promote regional peace and stability
• What motivated the creation of ASEAN?

  Desire to contain communism
• Which countries established communist governments after World War II?

  North Korea, China, North Vietnam
• What does the "ASEAN Way" refer to?

  A methodology respecting Southeast Asia's cultural norms
• How does the ASEAN Way approach problem-solving?

  Through compromise, consensus, and consultation
• What is a criticism of the ASEAN Way?

  It leads to lowest common denominator policies
• When was the ASEAN Charter launched?

  15 December 2008
• What was the aim of the ASEAN Charter?

  Create a single free-trade area for the region
• What institution was established in 2009?

  ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights
• What are the three major pillars of ASEAN's community?

  Political-Security, Economic, Socio-Cultural
• What is the goal of the Political-Security Community (APSC)?

  Create responsibility toward comprehensive security
• What percentage of defense products does Malaysia purchase from ASEAN?

  0.49%
• What characterizes the Economic Community (AEC)?

  Single market and production base
• When was the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) established?

  28 January 1992
• What is one focus area of the Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)?

  Human development and social welfare
• What challenge did the Rohingya genocide pose to ASEAN?

  Threatened ASEAN's global credibility
• What is ASEAN's longstanding policy regarding member nations' internal affairs?

  Non-interference in internal affairs
• How did ASEAN respond to the military coup in Myanmar in 2021?

  Called a summit to address the issue
• What did the UNGA do in response to Myanmar's coup?

  Condemned the coup and called for an arms embargo
• What was unique about ASEAN's October 2021 summit regarding Myanmar?

  Did not invite Myanmar's political leader
• What is an exclusive economic zone (EEZ)?

  Area with exclusive rights for marine resources
• How far does an EEZ extend from the coast?

  200 nautical miles
• What is the Nine-dash line?

  A map system used by China for territorial claims
• What incident occurred in 1995 involving China and the Philippines?

  Mischief Reef Incident
• How has Malaysia responded to its EEZ disputes with China?

  Strengthened ties with the USA
• What is Brunei's position regarding its EEZ and China?

  Careful not to criticize China openly
• What are the main challenges ASEAN faces regarding Myanmar?

  • Rohingya genocide and global credibility
  • Non-interference policy limits action
  • Divided positions among member states
  • Military coup and lack of compliance
• What are the territorial disputes in the South China Sea?

  • China's claims via Nine-dash line
  • Vietnam's claims over Spratly and Paracel Islands
  • Philippines' claims over Mischief Reef
  • Malaysia's EEZ disputes with China
  • Brunei's claims near Louisa Reef
• What are the three major pillars of ASEAN's community as outlined in the Bali Concord II?

  1. Political-Security Community (APSC)
  2. Economic Community (AEC)
  3. Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)
• What is the population of the USMCA free trade zone?

  More than 510 million people
• What is the nominal GDP of the USMCA?

  $30.997 trillion
• What is a free trade area?

  A region with little to no trade barriers
• How do free trade areas facilitate international trade?

  By reducing tariffs and quotas among countries
• What are some criticisms of free trade areas?

  They increase economic integration and restrain trade
• What are the advantages of a free trade area?

  • Greater access to low-priced goods
  • Lower overall prices
  • Increased efficiency and innovation
  • Economic development and higher living standards
  • Overall economic growth
• What are the disadvantages of a free trade area?

  • Job migration to lower-cost countries
  • Harm to nascent industries
  • Economic dependency on few products
  • Security risks from vital resource imports
  • Reduced environmental standards
• What is the USMCA's stance on dairy and agriculture?

  Increases U.S. access to Canadian dairy market
• How much of the Canadian dairy market can the U.S. access tariff-free under USMCA?

  Up to 3.6% of the market
• What is the requirement for automobile parts under the USMCA?

  75% must be manufactured in USMCA