reliability

• What is the main focus of psychology in relation to measurement?

  Measuring behavior consistently
• Why is reliability important in psychological investigations?

  It ensures consistent results across measurements
• What are some examples of measurement tools used in psychology?

  Questionnaires, interviews, observations
• What is external reliability in psychological measures?

  Consistency of results across different times
• What is internal reliability in psychological measures?

  Consistency among different parts of a measure
• What method assesses internal reliability using a questionnaire?

  Split-half method
• How does the split-half method work?

  It splits a measure into two parts for comparison
• What does a strong correlation in the split-half method indicate?

  High internal reliability of the measure
• What is the test-retest method used for?

  Assessing external reliability of a measure
• What indicates external reliability in the test-retest method?

  Strong correlation between two test results
• What is inter-observer reliability in observational studies?

  Agreement between different observers' results
• How do researchers assess inter-observer reliability?

  By comparing results from two observers
• What statistical tests are used to measure correlations?

  Pearson's r and Spearman's rho
• What correlation value indicates a reliable measure?

  0.8 or stronger
• How can researchers improve reliability in observational studies?

  By training observers and refining categories
• Why should behavioral categories be operationalized?

  To ensure precise measurement of behaviors
• How can interviews be structured to improve reliability?

  By carefully phrasing questions to avoid confusion
• What type of questions can reduce confusion in questionnaires?

  Closed questions
• What should researchers do if measuring established factors?

  Use established tests instead of creating new ones
• How should experiments be designed to ensure reliability?

  By using standardized procedures for all participants