Parasocial relationships

• Who developed the Celebrity Attitude Scale?

  McCutcheon
• What did McCutcheon develop?

  The Celebrity Attitude Scale
• Who used the Celebrity Attitude Scale in a large scale survey and identified three levels of parasocial relationship?

  Maltby
• What did Maltby identify after his large scale survey using the Celebrity Attitude Scale?

  Three levels of parasocial relationship
• What are the three levels of parasocial relationship identified by Maltby?

  Entertainment-social

  Intense-personal

  Borderline-pathological
• Which of the three levels of parasocial relationship is the least intense?

  Entertainment-social
• Which of the three levels of parasocial relationship is intermediate?

  Intense-personal
• Which of the three levels of parasocial relationship is the strongest?

  Borderline-pathological
• What are the characteristics of entertainment-social?

  Celebrities viewed as sources of entertainment
• What are the characteristics of intense-personal?

  Greater personal involvement
• What are the characteristics of borderline-pathological?

  Uncontrollable fantasies and extreme behaviours
• Who found parasocial relationships are a fruitful source of gossip?

  Giles
• Who linked the levels to deficiencies people have in their life?

  McCutcheon
• What did McCutcheon link the levels to?

  Deficiencies people have in their life
• What are the two components of the Absorption Addiction model?

  Absorption

  Addiction
• Absorption

  Seeking fulfilment in celebrity worship - allowing the individual to focus attention on them
• Addiction

  Increase 'dose' to gain satisfaction - extreme behaviours and delusional thinking
• It has been suggested parasocial relationships form because of attachment difficulties
• Who suggested two attachment types linked with unhealthy emotional development?

  Ainsworth
• What two attachment types did Ainsworth link with unhealthy emotional development?

  Insecure-resistant

  Insecure-avoidant
• What attachment type is most likely to form parasocial relationships?

  Insecure-resistant
• What attachment type prefers to avoid the pain of relationships altogether?

  Insecure-avoidant