Revolutions

• Seven Years War


  Conflict leading to British taxation in colonies.
• Original Thirteen Colonies


  First American colonies under British rule.
• Stamp Act


  1765 tax on documents and printed materials.
• Sons of Liberty


  Group opposing Stamp Act through protests.
• Boston Massacre


  British soldiers killed five colonists in 1770.
• East India Company


  British trading company with a monopoly on tea.
• Intolerable Acts


  1774 laws punishing Boston for defiance.
• Shot Heard Round the World

  First shot of Revolutionary War at Lexington.
• Declaration of Independence


  Document declaring colonies' freedom from Britain.
• Thomas Jefferson


  Primary author of the Declaration of Independence.
• July 4, 1776


  Date Declaration of Independence was presented.
• Colonial Trade Agreements


  Allowed post-independence trade with foreign nations.
• Revolutionary War


  Conflict for American independence from British rule.
• Civil War Among Colonists

  Internal conflict during the American Revolution.
• Constitution


  Framework for American government established post-revolution.
• American National Identity


  Shared culture and beliefs emerging from revolution.
• Loyalists


  Colonists who remained loyal to Britain.
• British Brutality


  Violent actions by British soldiers against colonists.
• Tea Dumping Incident


  Sons of Liberty protested tea taxes in Boston.
• Trade Monopoly


  Exclusive control over trade by a single entity.
• Mutual Experience


  Shared events fostering community among colonists.
• Penal Colonies


  Settlements established for housing prisoners.
• Jewel in the Crown

  India's designation as Britain's most valuable colony.
• American Revolution


  Conflict leading to U.S. independence from Britain.
• Declaration of Independence


  Document asserting American colonies' freedom from Britain.
• French Revolution


  Inspired by American ideals of liberty and democracy.
• Constitution of the United States

  Oldest written constitution still in use today.
• Sons of Liberty


  Group opposing British taxation and advocating representation.
• Boston Tea Party


  Protest against tea tax involving tea dumping.
• Intolerable Acts


  British response to Boston Tea Party, restricting freedoms.
• Penal Colonies


  Colonies used for housing prisoners, like Australia.
• British Trade Expansion


  Increased trade with Canada and India post-Revolution.
• Civil War Among Colonists

  Conflict between loyalists and revolutionaries during the Revolution.
• French Aid


  Support from France that helped defeat British forces.
• Life, Liberty, Happiness


  Unalienable rights stated in the Declaration of Independence.
• Monopoly


  Exclusive control over a trade, like tea by EIC.
• 60,000 Loyalists


  Number of loyalists who fled during the Revolution.
• Shared History


  Basis for American national identity post-Revolution.
• Freedom and Democracy


  Ideals that inspired Western Europe after World War II.
• Military Defeat


  Loss of colonies raised concerns of revolution in Britain.