specifics of parenting styles

• The major flaw of the main parenting styles isthat they do now allow examination of that includes the totality of attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors that parents bring to setting
• Psychological control and harsh controlshowed strongest associations withexternalising problems.
• Child empathy■ Davidov & Grusec (2006)Sample of 106 6-8 year old children
• Empathy involves understanding and responding to another'sfeelings, particularly distress
• Hypothesised: parental responsiveness to distress andparental warmth would be particularly relevant to thedevelopment of child empathy
• Responsiveness to distress and NOT warmth predicted childempath
• Sensitivity■ Distinction between sensitivity to distress and to non-distress (Goldberg, 1999;McElwain & Booth-LaForce, 2006)
• Sensitivity to distress (e.g. cries, fusses and frets) linked to:– Attachment security, reduced behavioural problems, empathy, social competence andaffect regulation
• sensitivity to non distress like responding to bids to play linked to langagueg development and cognitive devlopment
• positive effects of father involvement were found for their children's mental health asadults, but only significantly for daughters
• ather involvement was inversely related to their child's aggression with peers, and also todelinquency in adolescence in the case of sons
• Father involvement generally had positive effects on their children's academicdevelopment, including, for example, educational attainment by age 20