The Social area

• What is an indispensable part of life according to the social area?

  Obedience
• Why is a system of authority required in communities?

  To enable people to live together
• What should one pay attention to when studying the social area?

  The difference between situational perspective and social area
• What does the individualistic perspective in psychology focus on?

  Internal factors of our situation
• What is the primary concern of the social area in psychology?

  The effect of other people's behavior
• What are the key concepts of social psychology?

  • Social Interaction
  • Social Influence
  • Prevention of mindless obedience
  • Encouraging resistance to tyranny
  • Encouraging altruistic behavior
• Who conducted an early example of the social area in 1897?

  Triplett
• What did Triplett's experimental work demonstrate?

  Competition improves performance
• How does social influence research often operate ethically?

  By influencing behavior without participants knowing
• Why is social influence research not always unethical?

  Because it reflects common everyday influences
• In which areas is mindless obedience prevented?

  Emergency services and prison service
• What should soldiers be encouraged to resist?

  Blindly following orders
• What does encouraging altruistic behavior involve?

  Considering the costs and benefits of helping
• How is social psychology similar to developmental psychology?

  • Both share methods and approaches
  • Both build models of social behavior
  • Both focus on cognition, emotion, and behavior
• How does social psychology differ from biological and cognitive psychology?

  • Social behavior is affected by culture
  • Biological and cognitive behavior is more universal
• What does it mean that social behavior is ethnocentric?

  It varies across cultures
• How might Milgram's findings about obedience be limited?

  They may not apply to collectivist cultures
• What is often high in social psychology research?

  Control of variables
• What did Bocchiaro et al. control in their study?

  The behavior and script of the experimenter
• What does Milgram's study reveal about human behavior?

  People are surprisingly obedient
• What can uncontrolled extraneous variables affect?

  Findings of a study
• What was a factor in Piliavin et al.'s study affecting helping behavior?

  Attention passengers paid to confederates
• What is a limitation of research settings in social psychology?

  They can be unrealistic
• What creates demand characteristics in studies?

  Participants knowing their behavior is studied
• How does the behaviorist perspective explain social behaviors?

  • Learned through reinforcement
  • Observing role models rewards obedience
• How does the psychodynamic perspective explain obedience?

  • Authoritarian personality from punitive parenting
  • Displaced hostility creates respect for authority
• What does Levine et al.'s study suggest about helping behavior?

  It may be an outcome of nurture
• How is behavior viewed in the context of free will and determinism?

  Determined by social roles and influences
• What situational factors influence arousal in the Piliavin et al. model?

  Proximity to an emergency situation
• How are situational factors understood in Levine et al.'s study?

  In a broad sense, including cultural factors
• What are the core studies linked to the social area?

  1. Milgram on Obedience
  2. Bocchiaro et al. on Disobedience
  3. Piliavin et al. on the Subway Samaritan
  4. Levine et al. on Cross-cultural altruism
• What influenced participants' obedience in Milgram's study?

  The presence of a legitimate authority figure
• What did participants show in Bocchiaro et al.'s study?

  Higher obedience and lower whistleblowing
• What explains the high rate of helping in Piliavin et al.'s study?

  High costs of not helping perceived
• How does helping behavior vary according to Levine et al.'s findings?

  Related to economic productivity