Energy budgets and obesity indicators

• What process releases energy in cells?

  Respiration
• Why do organisms need to take in food?

  To fuel respiration and metabolic processes
• What does the term energy budget refer to?

  Energy intake minus energy transfer
• How is energy budget calculated?

  Energy Input - Energy Output = Energy Budget
• Why should energy budgets be balanced?

  To maintain a stable body weight
• What happens if there is an energy imbalance?

  It affects an individual's weight
• What is one important metabolic process?

  Respiration
• What factors can influence metabolic rate?

  Age, sex, muscle mass, and activity level
• How does the heart obtain substances for energy production?

  Through blood circulation
• What is meant by an energy budget?

  The balance of energy intake and output
• What lifestyle choices can affect energy input and output?

  Diet, exercise, and sleep patterns
• How can an energy imbalance lead to weight loss?

  By consuming less energy than expended
• How can an energy imbalance lead to weight gain?

  By consuming more energy than expended
• How can weight gain lead to obesity?

  Excess weight accumulates over time
• Why can a high sugar diet lead to obesity?

  It increases energy intake significantly
• What health issues can being underweight cause?

  Malnutrition and weakened immune system
• What health issues can being obese cause?

  Heart disease and diabetes
• How is Body Mass Index (BMI) used?

  To classify body mass relative to height
• What does a BMI over 25 indicate?

  It indicates being overweight
• What is the BMI threshold for obesity?

  A BMI of 30 or higher
• What is waist-to-hip ratio used for?

  To measure obesity and health risk
• What is the recommended waist-to-hip ratio for women?

  Less than 0.86
• What is the recommended waist-to-hip ratio for men?

  Less than 1.0
• What is a limitation of BMI?

  It does not differentiate muscle from fat
• Why is fat distribution important in health risk assessment?

  It contributes to increased health risk
• How is BMI calculated?

  BMI = Body mass (kg) / Height² (m)
• What is the correlation between waist-to-hip ratio and heart attack risk?

  There is a positive correlation
• What does a high waist-to-hip ratio indicate?

  Increased risk of heart attack
• What is the significance of measuring waist circumference?

  It helps assess obesity risk
• What is the significance of measuring hip circumference?

  It helps assess obesity risk
• Why is it important to monitor obesity indicators?

  To prevent health complications
• How do healthcare professionals identify obesity?

  Using measures like BMI and waist-to-hip ratio
• What is the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

  Obesity increases the risk of CVD events
• What is the importance of maintaining a balanced energy budget?

  It helps in weight management and health
• How can lifestyle changes impact energy budgets?

  They can alter energy intake and expenditure
• What role does exercise play in energy budgets?

  It increases energy expenditure
• How does diet influence energy input?

  It determines the amount of calories consumed
• What is the impact of sleep on energy budgets?

  Poor sleep can disrupt energy balance
• How does stress affect energy budgets?

  It can lead to overeating or undereating
• What is the significance of monitoring waist-to-hip ratio?

  It helps assess obesity-related health risks