Ionic bonding

• What type of bond is formed when particles bond together through ionic bonds?

  Ionic bonds
• How are ions formed from atoms?

  Atoms lose or gain electrons
• What happens to a sodium atom to form a sodium ion?

  It loses one electron
• Why does a sodium atom need to lose an electron?

  To achieve stability with a full outer shell
• What is the charge of a sodium ion after losing an electron?

  One plus
• How does chlorine become a chloride ion?

  It gains one electron
• What is the significance of square brackets in ionic notation?

  They indicate the ion's charge
• What is the relationship between the charges of the ions formed?

  They have opposite charges
• What type of forces attract the ions in an ionic compound?

  Electrostatic forces
• How strong is an ionic bond compared to a covalent bond?

  Similar in strength
• What is a dot and cross diagram used for?

  To represent ionic bonding
• How do you differentiate electrons in a dot and cross diagram?

  Use dots for one atom, crosses for another
• What should you show in a dot and cross diagram?

  The movement of electrons with an arrow
• What is the outermost shell of an atom?

  The highest energy level of electrons
• How do you draw the dot and cross diagram for magnesium chloride?

  Show outermost shells of magnesium and chlorines
• How many outer electrons does magnesium have?

  Two outer electrons
• How many electrons do the two chlorines need to become stable?

  One electron each
• What happens to magnesium when it reacts with chlorine?

  It loses two electrons
• What is the charge of a magnesium ion after losing electrons?

  Two plus
• How are the chloride ions arranged around the magnesium ion in a dot and cross diagram?

  On either side of the magnesium ion
• What are the steps to draw a dot and cross diagram for ionic bonding?

  1. Identify the atoms involved.
  2. Determine the number of outer electrons.
  3. Show the transfer of electrons.
  4. Represent the ions with their charges.
  5. Arrange the ions as they would be in a compound.
• What are the key features of a dot and cross diagram?

  • Dots represent one atom's electrons
  • Crosses represent another atom's electrons
  • Arrows show electron movement
  • Charges are indicated in square brackets
• What is the process of ionic bonding in magnesium chloride?

  1. Magnesium loses two electrons.
  2. Each chlorine gains one electron.
  3. Magnesium forms a two plus ion.
  4. Chlorines form two one minus ions.
  5. Ions arrange around each other due to opposite charges.