Chem unit 5

• What are the learning objectives of this topic?

  Know metal reactions, reactivity order, and redox
• Why are metals important in everyday life?

  Used to make bicycles, cars, and phones
• What is the challenge in extracting metals from ores?

  They contain other elements and are bonded
• What are most metals in ores chemically bonded to?

  Other elements forming oxides
• What happens to metals when they oxidize?

  They attach to oxygen in the air
• Write the balanced symbol equation for iron oxidation.

  $4Fe(s) +$$3O₂(g) → 2Fe₂O₃(s)$
• What must happen to metal oxides to extract metals?

  They must be reduced to remove oxygen
• What is the reactivity series?

  A list of metals ordered by reactivity
• How do metals react with water?

  Most do not react vigorously with water
• Which metal does not react at all with water?

  Copper
• What happens when alkali metals react with water?

  They react vigorously, producing hydrogen gas
• What is the order of reactivity for Group I metals?

  Potassium, sodium, lithium
• How does magnesium react with water?

  Very slow reaction, collects gas over days
• What gas is produced when magnesium reacts with water?

  Hydrogen
• How can you determine the order of reactivity of metals?

  By observing their reactions with dilute acid
• What is the role of aluminium oxide in reactions?

  Protects aluminium from reacting
• What happens to aluminium when its oxide layer is removed?

  It can react with acids and water
• What is the reaction of potassium with water?

  Explodes, producing hydrogen gas
• What is a displacement reaction?

  A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one
• What is the ionic equation for magnesium displacing copper?

  Mg(s) + Cu²⁺(aq) → Mg²⁺(aq) + Cu(s)
• What does oxidation mean in terms of electrons?

  Loss of electrons
• What does reduction mean in terms of electrons?

  Gain of electrons
• Why are displacement reactions also called redox reactions?

  They involve both oxidation and reduction
• How can you predict displacement reactions?

  By knowing the reactivity series of metals
• What is the mnemonic to remember oxidation and reduction?

  OLRIG: Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain
• What is the position of hydrogen in the reactivity series?

  Between copper and lead
• What can carbon do in the reactivity series?

  Displace metals below aluminium from oxides