improving development

• bottom-up development


  • an approach to development that involves people + the community in decision making
  • often involving small scale projects for the poorest
• top-down development


  • an approach to development where decisions are made by governments or TNCs, sometimes with little consultation
  • large scale
  • expensive
• intermediate technology


  • small technology that the local community can use without too much training or high cost e.g biogas
• aims of top-down development Narmada Dam scheme

  • to provide hydroelectric power
• advantages of Narmada Dam scheme

  • provides 3.5bn litres per day of drinking water + electricity
• disadvantages of Narmada Dam scheme

  • 234 villages have been flooded
• aims of bottom-up development biogas


  • provide energy to rural villages
• advantages of biogas project

  • women can work + kids can go school
• disadvantages of biogas project

  • if it breaks there may not be any resources to fix it