acids bases and salts

• • salts are products of neutralisation reactions between acids and bases.
  • Ionically, they consist of a positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ion.
  • Examples of salts include sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium nitrate (KNO3) and copper sulfate (CuSO4).
• • There are three main ways to prepare salts: reaction with a base, acid-carbonate reactions and displacement reactions.
• Reacting an acid with a base is called neutralisation
• • Bases include metal oxides, metal hydroxides or metal carbonates.
• • To make a soluble salt, the base should be soluble in water, thus it can be an alkali like sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
• • The general equation is acid + base -> salt + water.
• • Carbonates can also react with acids to produce a salt, releasing carbon dioxide and water.
• • The reaction is acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide.
• • More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from their salts in solution.
  • This is used to produce salts of reactive metals, like sodium or potassium, which can’t be prepared using the first two methods.
• • The reaction is more reactive metal + less reactive metal salt -> less reactive metal + more reactive metal salt.