Distillation

• What are the two types of distillation mentioned?

  Simple distillation and fractional distillation
• What is the purpose of simple distillation?

  To separate a liquid from a solution
• How can simple distillation be used with seawater?

  To separate pure water from seawater
• What equipment is used in simple distillation?

  A flask, thermometer, condenser, and heating device
• Why is the flask sealed with a bung?

  To prevent gas from escaping
• What is the function of the thermometer in simple distillation?

  To measure the temperature inside the flask
• How does the condenser work in simple distillation?

  It cools and condenses vapor into liquid
• What happens to the vapor in the condenser?

  It cools and condenses into liquid form
• What is left in the flask after distilling seawater?

  Salt
• Why can't simple distillation separate methanol, ethanol, and propanol?

  They have similar boiling points
• What is the main technique used for separating mixtures of liquids?

  Fractional distillation
• What is the role of the fractionating column in fractional distillation?

  To separate vapors based on boiling points
• How does the height of the fractionating column affect separation?

  A taller column is cooler at the top
• What happens to methanol in the fractional distillation process?

  It evaporates and condenses into liquid
• What occurs to ethanol and propanol in the fractionating column?

  They condense back into the flask
• At what temperature is methanol evaporated during fractional distillation?

  Around 65 degrees Celsius
• What is the next step after collecting methanol in fractional distillation?

  Raise the temperature to 78 degrees Celsius
• What can be assumed about the liquid left in the flask after distilling ethanol?

  It is mostly pure propanol
• What is the final step in fractional distillation for propanol?

  Raise the temperature to boil off propanol
• What are the steps involved in simple distillation?

  1. Heat the mixture in the flask.
  2. Vapor rises and enters the condenser.
  3. Vapor cools and condenses into liquid.
  4. Collect the distilled liquid in a beaker.
  5. Residue remains in the flask.
• What are the steps involved in fractional distillation?

  1. Heat the mixture in the flask.
  2. Vapor rises through the fractionating column.
  3. Condenses on glass rods and falls back.
  4. Collect the distilled liquid in a beaker.
  5. Repeat for other components at different temperatures.