Metals and non-metals

• Where are most elements found on the periodic table?

  Towards the bottom left
• What is a key feature of metals when they react?

  They form positive ions
• What ion does calcium form when it reacts?

  Calcium two plus ion
• How do non-metals typically behave in terms of ion formation?

  They either don't form ions or form negative ions
• Why do atoms need a full outer shell of electrons?

  To be stable
• How does the position of an element in the periodic table affect its ion formation?

  Elements on the left have fewer outer electrons
• How many electrons does calcium have in its outer shell?

  Two electrons
• Why is it difficult for chlorine to form a positive ion?

  It would need to lose seven electrons
• What happens to the reactivity of metals as you move down the periodic table?

  They become more reactive
• Why do elements further down the periodic table lose electrons more easily?

  Electrons are farther from the nucleus
• What type of bonding do all metals have?

  Metallic bonding
• What is a characteristic of metallic bonds?

  They are very strong
• What does it mean for metals to be malleable?

  They can be bent or hammered into shape
• Why are metals used in electric wires?

  They are great conductors of heat and electricity
• What is a common property of metals regarding melting and boiling points?

  They have high melting and boiling points
• What does it mean for a metal to be sonorous?

  It creates a ringing sound when hit
• How do non-metals generally appear in terms of color?

  They tend to be dull in color
• What is a characteristic of non-metals regarding their physical state at room temperature?

  Many are gaseous
• How do non-metals compare to metals in terms of density?

  They generally have lower densities
• What are transition metals known for?

  Having typical metal properties
• What is a unique property of transition metals regarding ion formation?

  They can form more than one ion
• What is an example of a transition metal that can form multiple ions?

  Chromium
• What is a practical feature of transition metals?

  They make very good catalysts
• What is a catalyst?

  Substances that increase reaction rates
• What is an example of a catalyst used in the Haber process?

  Iron
• What catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes?

  Nickel
• What are the physical properties of metals?

  • Strong metallic bonds
  • Malleable
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Shiny appearance
  • Sonorous
• What are the physical properties of non-metals?

  • Dull in color
  • Brittle
  • Low melting and boiling points
  • Poor conductors of electricity
  • Generally lower densities
• What are the properties of transition metals?

  • Typical metal properties
  • Can form multiple ions
  • Often colored ions
  • Good catalysts