Alkanes

    Cards (14)

    • Alkanes definition
      Saturated hydrocarbons with no specific functional group
    • Names of alkanes
      methane = CH4
      ethane = C2H6
      propane = C3H8
      butane = C4H10
      pentane = C5H12
      hexane = C6H14
      heptane = C7H16
      octane = C8H18
      nonane = C9H2O
      decane = C10H22
      undecane = C11H24
      dodecane = C12H26
      tridecane = C13H28
    • Naming alkyl groups
      Methane = methyl
      Ethane = ethyl
      Propane = propyl
      Butane = butyl
      pentane = pentyl
      Hexane = hexyl
      Heptane = heptyl
      Octane = octyl
      Nonane = nonyl
    • halogen functional groups
      F = fluoro
      Cl = chloro
      Br = bromo
      I = iodo
    • structural isomers definition

      compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
    • Structural isomers can have different physical and/or chemical properties
    • Volatile/volatility definition

      A volatile substance vaporises / turns into a gas readily / at relatively low temperatures. A substance with a low boiling point tend to have a high volatility
    • Complete combustion occurs when there is sufficient oxygen available. The hydrogen and carbon in the alkane oxidise to form H2O and CO2 respectively.
      E.g. C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H20
    • incomplete combustion occurs when there is insufficient oxygen available. water and carbon monoxide (or carbon) are formed
      e.g. C6H14 + 13/2 O2 -> 6CO + 7H20
    • incomplete combustion can be dangerous, as the carbon monoxide produced is a colourless, odourless toxic gas. in high concentrations, CO can kill
    • What is halogenation
      Halogenation is a substitution reaction, as hydrogen is substituted a halogen.
    • A mechanism for a reaction shows the individual steps that occur in the conversion of reactants to products
    • mechanism = radical substituition / free radical substitution
    • three stages of radical substitution
      1. Initiation
      2. Propagation
      3. termination
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