global development

• What does development refer to in a country?

  Progress in economic, social, and political well-being
• What improvements are involved in development?

  Quality of life, wealth, health, education
• What are the types of development?

  • Economic Development
  • Social Development
  • Political Development
• How is economic development typically measured?

  By Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• What does social development improve?

  Health, education, housing, quality of life
• What is political development focused on?

  Stable governments protecting human rights
• What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?

  Total value of goods and services produced
• What does Gross National Income (GNI) per capita measure?

  Total income divided by population
• What does the Human Development Index (HDI) include?

  Life expectancy, education, and income
• What does the literacy rate indicate?

  Percentage of people who can read and write
• What does the infant mortality rate measure?

  Deaths of infants under one year per 1,000 births
• What does access to clean water indicate?

  Percentage of population with safe drinking water
• What are the global development patterns?

  • HICs: High development, high income
  • EDCs: Rapid growth, significant inequalities
  • LICs: Low income, poor healthcare, high poverty
• What characterizes High-Income Countries (HICs)?

  High levels of development and income
• What are Emerging Developing Countries (EDCs) known for?

  Rapid economic growth with inequalities
• What characterizes Low-Income Countries (LICs)?

  Low income, poor healthcare, high poverty
• What are the physical factors influencing development?

  • Climate
  • Natural Resources
  • Natural Disasters
  • Location
• How does climate affect development?

  Extreme climates hinder farming and industry
• How do natural resources influence economic growth?

  Abundant resources can lead to higher growth
• How do natural disasters affect development?

  They can destroy infrastructure and livelihoods
• How does location impact a country's trade?

  Landlocked countries may struggle to trade
• What are the human factors influencing development?

  • History and Colonialism
  • Trade
  • Political Stability
  • Healthcare and Education
  • Globalisation
• How does history and colonialism affect economies?

  Former colonies often have less developed economies
• How does trade influence economic growth?

  Exporting valuable goods can accelerate growth
• How does political stability affect development?

  Stable governments tend to develop faster
• How do healthcare and education drive development?

  Better access increases life expectancy and literacy
• How does globalisation promote development?

  It integrates economies and promotes investment
• What are Rostow's stages of economic growth?

  1. Traditional Society
  2. Preconditions for Take-Off
  3. Take-Off
  4. Drive to Maturity
  5. Age of High Mass Consumption
• What characterizes the Traditional Society stage?

  Subsistence farming, little trade, limited technology
• What happens in the Preconditions for Take-Off stage?

  Investment in infrastructure and increased trade
• What occurs during the Take-Off stage?

  Rapid industrialisation and rising GDP
• What is characterized by the Drive to Maturity stage?

  Diversification of the economy and better technology
• What defines the Age of High Mass Consumption stage?

  High living standards and widespread consumerism
• What is Dependency Theory?

  • HICs exploit LICs through unfair trade
  • Global inequalities result from historical exploitation
• What are the economic consequences of uneven development?

  • Higher poverty rates in LICs
  • Debt burdens limiting investment
  • Informal and low-paid jobs in LICs
• What are the social consequences of uneven development?

  • Disparities in access to education
  • Poor healthcare systems in LICs
  • Migration for better opportunities
• What are the environmental consequences of uneven development?

  • Deforestation from rapid development
  • Pollution from industrial growth
  • Climate change vulnerability in LICs and EDCs
• What are the methods to reduce the development gap?

  • Aid (bilateral, multilateral, tied)
  • Debt relief
  • Fair trade
  • Investment and industrial development
  • Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• What is bilateral aid?

  Aid given directly from one country to another
• What is multilateral aid?

  Aid given by international organizations