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What is one of the main components of an image intensifier?
Image intensifier
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What is the difference between mobile and portable equipment?
Mobile is too
heavy
to carry; portable
can
be carried
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What are the types of fluoroscopy equipment?
Ceiling-suspended
image intensifier
and under-table tube
Ceiling-suspended tube and under-table image intensifier
C-arm
assembly (ceiling-suspended or floor-mounted)
Mobile C-arm system (for
operating theatre
)
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What is the principle behind fluoroscopic imaging?
Phosphors
absorb
X-rays
and emit light photons
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What is the imaging chain in a fluoroscopic unit?
X-ray source
is below the patient
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What can modern digital fluoroscopic units replace?
Image intensifier
with
flat panel detector
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What are the components of the fluoroscopy system?
X-ray
tube and generator
X-ray table
Grids, filters, and collimators
Image intensifier
or flat panel detector
Video camera
Viewing monitor
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What does the generator do in a fluoroscopic system?
Powers the
X-ray tube
to produce
X-rays
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What do collimators do in fluoroscopy?
Control the size and shape of the
X-ray
beam
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What is the role of grids and filters in fluoroscopy?
Remove low energy
photons
and improve beam quality
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What is the purpose of the video camera in a fluoroscopy system?
Enable
image processing
and viewing
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What is brightness gain in fluoroscopy?
Product of
flux gain
and
minification gain
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What does automatic brightness control do?
Increases
radiation dose
if light output falls
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What happens in magnification mode of fluoroscopy?
Increases
voltage
to focusing
lenses
, altering focal point
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What is pulsed fluoroscopy used for?
To
reduce fluoroscopy times
and
lower dose
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What are the design considerations for mobile X-ray units?
Mounted on wheels for
mobility
Brake system
for safety
Motorized
for movement assistance
Powered by
rechargeable batteries
Weight and size for
hospital lift limits
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What is the purpose of battery-operated units in mobile X-ray machines?
Provide flexibility and avoid
power surges
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What are the differences between CR and DR systems?
CR:
No
charging
required
Light and cheap
Requires reading in CR
reader
DR:
Requires charging
Instant
image
Heavy and expensive
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What are the maintenance and safety considerations for mobile units?
Service as per
manufacturer’s
schedule
Park tube head to minimize damage
Charge in well-
vented
areas
Keep clean to reduce
infection risk
Apply brakes in
lifts
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What is the main purpose of mobile X-ray units?
For patients unable to travel to
imaging
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In what situations are mobile X-ray units used?
For
resus
,
trauma
, and
intensive care
patients
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How does the design of mobile X-ray units enhance their functionality?
Mobility
and safety features improve
patient access
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What is the role of the X-ray tube in fluoroscopic systems?
Similar design to general
radiographic
tubes
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What is the significance of extra heat capacity in X-ray tubes?
Needed for
rapid succession
imaging in
angiography
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What type of batteries are used in battery-operated mobile units?
Lead acid
and
Ni-Cd
batteries
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What is the function of tube movements in mobile X-ray units?
Allows
adaptation
around patient
requirements
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Why should mobile units be kept clean?
To reduce the risk of
cross infection
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What should be done during movement of mobile units?
Park the
tube head
as per instructions
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What is the importance of brakes in mobile X-ray units?
Ensure safety when stationary during
imaging
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What is the role of automatic exposure rate control?
Maintains
received dose rate per frame
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What is the purpose of managing dose in fluoroscopy?
To minimize
radiation
exposure to
patients
and
staff
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How does the transition to flat panel detectors affect fluoroscopy?
Improves
image quality
and reduces size
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What is the main goal of the learning outcomes for mobile radiography?
Discuss
principles
,
components
, and
operations
of mobiles
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What is the significance of the mobile and portable X-ray equipment distinction?
Mobile
is for
hospital
use;
portable
is for
home
visits
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Why are mobile X-ray units important for certain patients?
They provide
imaging
for
vulnerable patients
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How do design considerations impact the functionality of mobile X-ray units?
Design affects
mobility
, safety, and
patient access
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What is the role of the X-ray table in fluoroscopy?
Can
be
moved
to
different
orientations
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What is the importance of the viewing monitor in fluoroscopy?
Requires high quality display to interpret
detail
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What is the significance of artefacts like vignetting and pincushioning?
They affect the quality of
fluoroscopic
images
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What is the role of the input phosphor in image intensification?
Converts
X-rays
to light
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