case studies

• What was the main reason for HM's surgery in 1953?

  Epilepsy treatment
• What was the outcome of HM's surgery in terms of his epilepsy?

  Epilepsy was cured
• What type of amnesia did HM develop after his surgery?

  Anterograde amnesia
• What was the effect of HM's surgery on his ability to form new episodic memories?

  He could no longer form new episodic memories
• What type of memory was intact in HM after his surgery?

  Procedural memory
• What does HM's case study suggest about the link between the hippocampus and memory?

  The hippocampus is involved in forming new memories
• How does HM's case study support Tulving's theory of semantic long-term memory?

  HM's inability to learn new words after his surgery supports the theory
• What does HM's case study suggest about the relationship between short-term and long-term memory?

  Short-term and long-term memory are separate stores
• Who performed HM's surgery in 1953?

  William Scoville
• What was the outcome of HM's surgery in terms of his social life?

  He became socially isolated
• In what year did HM move to a long-term care facility?

  1980
• What does HM's case study suggest about the importance of the hippocampus in memory formation?

  The hippocampus is crucial for forming new memories
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of using case studies of brain-damaged patients to inform our understanding of how memory works?

  Strengths:

  • Unique insight into how memory works
  • Avoids ethical issues of invasive investigations

  Weaknesses:

  • Limited generalizability
  • Less reliable due to lack of replication
• What is a case study in research?

  Detailed investigation of a single individual or small group
• Why is the hippocampus important in memory formation?

  It is involved in forming new memories
• What is the difference between anterograde and retrograde amnesia?

  Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories, while retrograde amnesia is the loss of existing memories
• What is procedural memory?

  Memory for skills and procedures
• What is the multi-store model of memory?

  Model that suggests memory is stored in multiple stores, including short-term and long-term memory