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Chemistry Paper 2
Rates of reaction and energy changes
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Kyle Landicho
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Cards (33)
How can you measure the loss of mass in a reaction?
By adding
solid
to a liquid
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What are the different ways to follow a reaction?
Loss of
mass
Volume of
gas produced
Color change
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What happens to mass when gas is produced in a reaction?
The mass will
decrease
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How can gas be collected during a reaction?
Using a
syringe
or
inverted measuring cylinder
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What are the units for measuring the rate of reaction when using volume and time?
Centimeters cubed per minute
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What are the units for measuring the rate of reaction when using mass and time?
Grams per second
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What does the first graph represent in the context of rates of reaction?
Volume of
carbon dioxide
produced
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What does the second graph represent in the context of rates of reaction?
Mass
being lost
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How do you find the rate of reaction at a specific point on a graph?
By drawing a
tangent
at that point
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What does the gradient of the tangent represent?
The
rate of reaction
at that point
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How do you calculate the gradient of a tangent?
Change in y
divided by
change in x
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What happens to the rate of reaction as it progresses?
It
changes
at
different
points
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What color change indicates a reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid?
From
clear colorless
to
opaque
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What safety precautions should be taken during the sodium thiosulfate reaction?
Wash
equipment
and avoid high
temperatures
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Why should the same person measure the rate of reaction?
To avoid differences in
perception
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How can gas be collected using an inverted measuring cylinder?
By ensuring no gas is present
initially
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What happens when powdered calcium carbonate is used instead of large marble chips?
The
rate of reaction
is much faster
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How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
Higher
temperature
increases
the rate
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What is the relationship between surface area and rate of reaction?
Larger
surface area
increases
the rate
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Why does a lump of substance react slower than powdered form?
It has less surface area available
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How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?
Higher
concentration
increases
the rate
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What is the role of a catalyst in a reaction?
It lowers the
activation energy
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What is activation energy?
The energy needed to start a
reaction
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What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?
Endothermic absorbs
energy
; exothermic releases energy
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What is an example of an endothermic reaction?
Electrolysis
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What is an example of an exothermic reaction?
Burning
or
neutralization
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How do you calculate energy change in a reaction?
By considering
bond energies
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What does breaking bonds require in terms of energy?
It requires
energy input
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What does forming bonds do in terms of energy?
It
releases
energy
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What is the balanced equation for burning hydrogen in oxygen?
2H₂
+ O₂ →
2H₂O
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How do you determine if a reaction is exothermic based on energy change?
If the energy change is
negative
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What should you practice for the exam regarding calculations?
Energy change
calculations
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What are the key factors affecting the rate of reaction?
Temperature
Surface area
Concentration
Pressure
Presence of a
catalyst
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