Rates of reaction and energy changes

    Cards (33)

    • How can you measure the loss of mass in a reaction?
      By adding solid to a liquid
    • What are the different ways to follow a reaction?
      • Loss of mass
      • Volume of gas produced
      • Color change
    • What happens to mass when gas is produced in a reaction?
      The mass will decrease
    • How can gas be collected during a reaction?
      Using a syringe or inverted measuring cylinder
    • What are the units for measuring the rate of reaction when using volume and time?
      Centimeters cubed per minute
    • What are the units for measuring the rate of reaction when using mass and time?
      Grams per second
    • What does the first graph represent in the context of rates of reaction?
      Volume of carbon dioxide produced
    • What does the second graph represent in the context of rates of reaction?
      Mass being lost
    • How do you find the rate of reaction at a specific point on a graph?
      By drawing a tangent at that point
    • What does the gradient of the tangent represent?
      The rate of reaction at that point
    • How do you calculate the gradient of a tangent?
      Change in y divided by change in x
    • What happens to the rate of reaction as it progresses?
      It changes at different points
    • What color change indicates a reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid?
      From clear colorless to opaque
    • What safety precautions should be taken during the sodium thiosulfate reaction?
      Wash equipment and avoid high temperatures
    • Why should the same person measure the rate of reaction?
      To avoid differences in perception
    • How can gas be collected using an inverted measuring cylinder?
      By ensuring no gas is present initially
    • What happens when powdered calcium carbonate is used instead of large marble chips?
      The rate of reaction is much faster
    • How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
      Higher temperature increases the rate
    • What is the relationship between surface area and rate of reaction?
      Larger surface area increases the rate
    • Why does a lump of substance react slower than powdered form?
      It has less surface area available
    • How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?
      Higher concentration increases the rate
    • What is the role of a catalyst in a reaction?
      It lowers the activation energy
    • What is activation energy?
      The energy needed to start a reaction
    • What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?
      Endothermic absorbs energy; exothermic releases energy
    • What is an example of an endothermic reaction?
      Electrolysis
    • What is an example of an exothermic reaction?
      Burning or neutralization
    • How do you calculate energy change in a reaction?
      By considering bond energies
    • What does breaking bonds require in terms of energy?
      It requires energy input
    • What does forming bonds do in terms of energy?
      It releases energy
    • What is the balanced equation for burning hydrogen in oxygen?
      2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
    • How do you determine if a reaction is exothermic based on energy change?
      If the energy change is negative
    • What should you practice for the exam regarding calculations?
      Energy change calculations
    • What are the key factors affecting the rate of reaction?
      • Temperature
      • Surface area
      • Concentration
      • Pressure
      • Presence of a catalyst
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