brain

• What is the brain made up of?

  Billions of interconnected nerve cells
• What does the brain hold?

  All of our thoughts and memories
• What complex behaviors does the brain control?

  Choosing clothes, running, and reading
• What two parts make up the central nervous system?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What is the role of the brain in decision-making?

  It makes all the important decisions
• What is the outer layer of the brain called?

  Cerebral cortex or cerebrum
• What functions does the cerebral cortex perform?

  Consciousness, intelligence, memory, and language
• How is the cerebral cortex divided?

  Into two hemispheres
• Which hemisphere controls the right side of the body?

  Left hemisphere
• What is the function of the cerebellum?

  Controls balance and muscle coordination
• What is the role of the hypothalamus?

  Regulates body temperature and signals pituitary gland
• What connects the brain to the spinal cord?

  Brain stem
• What does the medulla control?

  Unconscious activities like breathing
• How do scientists study the brain?

  By studying brain damage and stimulation
• What can studying a stroke victim reveal?

  Which brain region controls hearing
• What is one method of brain stimulation?

  Using a tiny electrode to stimulate areas
• What happens when a specific brain area is stimulated?

  Muscle contraction may occur
• What is the purpose of CT scans?

  To see which areas of the brain are damaged
• What do PET and MRI scans measure?

  Underlying activity of the brain
• Why is treating the brain difficult?

  Wide range of issues and complexity
• What happens in an MRI machine when shown sad images?

  Certain brain parts appear brighter
• What are the two main components of the central nervous system?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What is the name of the outer layer of the brain?

  Cerebral cortex
• What are the main functions of the cerebral cortex?

  Consciousness, intelligence, memory, language, vision, and hearing
• How are the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex connected?

  The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the left side
• What is the function of the cerebellum?

  Controlling balance and muscle coordination
• What is the function of the hypothalamus?

  Regulating body temperature and sending signals to the pituitary gland
• What is the function of the brain stem?

  Controlling unconscious activities like breathing and heartbeat
• Why is the brain difficult to treat?

  There is a wide range of things that can go wrong, it is encased in the skull, and the brain is very complex
• Which type of brain scan is best for measuring brain activity?

  PET and MRI scans
• How do CT scans and PET/MRI scans differ in their use for studying the brain?

  CT scans are used to see brain damage, while PET and MRI scans measure brain activity
• How does the brain's structure relate to its functions?

  • Cerebral cortex: Responsible for higher-order functions like consciousness, intelligence, memory, language, vision, and hearing
  • Cerebellum: Controls balance and muscle coordination
  • Hypothalamus: Regulates body temperature and sends signals to the pituitary gland
  • Brain stem: Controls unconscious activities like breathing and heartbeat
• What are the different techniques used to study the brain and their purposes?

  • Studying brain damage: Helps identify which brain regions are responsible for specific functions
  • Electrical stimulation: Helps map brain regions and their functions
  • Brain scans (CT, PET, MRI):
  • CT scans: Identify brain damage
  • PET and MRI scans: Measure brain activity
• What is the formula to calculate the area of a circle?

  $A =$$\pi r^2$
• What are the key challenges in treating the brain?

  • Wide range of things that can go wrong (tumors, infections, trauma, mental health issues)
  • Brain is encased in the skull and surrounded by fragile tissue
  • Brain is highly complex and not fully understood