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PRE: Philosophy
The Problem of Evil
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Created by
Isabel Pullara
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Cards (139)
Who formulated the problem of evil?
Epicurus
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What is natural evil?
Evil resulting from natural
world events
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What is moral evil?
Evil caused by
human actions
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Why is natural evil a problem for God's existence?
God could have created a world
without
it
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Why is moral evil a problem for God's existence?
God does not intervene to
prevent
it
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What is the logical problem of evil?
Evil and
classical theism
cannot coexist
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What does Mackie's 'inconsistent triad' argue?
God, evil, and
omnibenevolence
cannot coexist
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What does omnipotence entail according to the logical problem of evil?
The power to
eliminate
evil
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What does omnibenevolence entail according to the logical problem of evil?
The motivation to
prevent
evil
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What is the conclusion of the logical problem of evil?
God and evil
cannot coexist
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What is an a priori argument?
Conclusion
based on
logical analysis
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What is an a posteriori argument?
Conclusion based on
experience
and evidence
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What does the evidential problem of evil argue?
Evil makes belief in God
unjustified
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How does Hume approach the problem of evil?
As an
empiricist
using
a posteriori
evidence
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What are Hume's points regarding animal suffering?
Nature could reduce animal
pain
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What does Hume conclude about the existence of God?
Evidence of evil makes belief
unjustified
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What is Augustine's theodicy focused on?
The
origin
of sin and human predisposition
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What is Original Sin according to Augustine?
Corruption
inherited from
Adam and Eve
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How does Augustine view evil?
Evil is a
privation
of good
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What is Plantinga's 'free will defense'?
Evil
results from the
misuse
of
free will
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Why does Plantinga argue free will is necessary?
It gives value to our
existence
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What is a strength of Augustine's theodicy?
It logically allows for
moral responsibility
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What is a weakness of Augustine's theodicy?
Original sin
seems unfair to descendants
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How does Augustine justify suffering in children?
As a
consequence
of
original sin
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What does Augustine claim about the nature of evil?
Evil has no positive
existence
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What does the logical problem of evil claim?
God and evil cannot
coexist
logically
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What is the conclusion of Plantinga's argument?
It is
better
for
evil
to
exist
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How does Plantinga respond to the logical problem of evil?
By arguing for the necessity of
free will
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What does the evidential problem of evil require from defenders of God?
Good evidence for God's
existence
despite evil
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What does the logical problem of evil claim about God's attributes?
God cannot be both
omnibenevolent
and
omnipotent
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What is the significance of the Fall in Augustine's theodicy?
It explains the
origin
of original sin
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How does Augustine view the relationship between sin and punishment?
All
evil
is either sin or punishment for sin
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What does Augustine argue about the nature of evil?
Evil is the
absence of good
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What does Plantinga argue about the value of free will?
It is essential for a meaningful
existence
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What does the logical problem of evil claim about God's existence?
It argues God
cannot exist
with evil
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What is the relationship between free will and evil according to Plantinga?
Evil results from the
misuse
of
free
will
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What does Augustine's view imply about human nature?
Humans are inherently sinful due to
original sin
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How does Augustine explain the existence of evil?
Evil is a result of
free will
and
sin
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What does the logical problem of evil challenge about God's attributes?
It challenges the compatibility of God's
goodness
and
power
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What does the evidential problem of evil suggest about belief in God?
It suggests belief is
unjustified
due to evil
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