Nervous system 2

• What does the CNS consist of?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What is the primary function of the CNS?

  Integrates sensory information and coordinates body activity
• What are the two main types of tissue in the brain and spinal cord?

  Grey matter and white matter
• What is the composition of grey matter?

  Unmyelinated neurons, neuron cell bodies, and glial cells
• What gives white matter its color?

  High fat content in myelin
• What are the protective structures of the brain?

  Cranium, ventricular system, meninges, blood-brain barrier
• What is the function of the cranium?

  Protects the brain from physical damage
• What are the three layers of the meninges?

  Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
• What is the epidural space used for?

  Administration of local anesthetics or analgesics
• What is the subarachnoid space filled with?

  Cerebrospinal fluid
• What is the function of the ventricular system?

  Produces and circulates cerebrospinal fluid
• What is the choroid plexus?

  Network of capillaries producing CSF
• What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

  Protects and supplies nutrients to the CNS
• What condition are King Charles Cavaliers prone to?

  Syringomyelia
• What is the blood-brain barrier?

  Impermeable layer protecting the brain from toxins
• What are the three main areas of the brain?

  Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
• What is the function of the thalamus?

  Processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebral cortex
• What is the cauda equina?

  End of the spinal cord resembling a horse's tail
• What is a common cause of paraplegia?

  Disk compression of the spinal cord
• What are the components of a reflex arc?

  Sensory receptor, sensory neuron, spinal cord, motor neuron, response
• What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?

  Supplies cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, organs, and glands
• What are the layers of the meninges and their functions?

  • Dura mater: Tough fibrous tissue, outermost layer
  • Arachnoid mater: Delicate, avascular layer
  • Pia mater: Highly vascular, innermost layer
• What are the main parts of the brain?

  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Diencephalon
  • Brainstem
• What are the components of the diencephalon?

  • Thalamus: Processes sensory information
  • Hypothalamus: Links nervous and endocrine systems
  • Epithalamus: Contains pineal gland, secretes melatonin
• What are the steps in a reflex arc?

  1. Sensory receptor detects stimulus
  2. Sensory neuron transmits signal to spinal cord
  3. Integration in spinal cord
  4. Motor neuron sends signal to muscle
  5. Muscle responds
• What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

  • Protects the CNS from sudden movements
  • Supplies nutrients to the CNS
  • Removes waste products
• What are the main peripheral nerves in the pelvic limb?

  • Femoral saphenous nerve
  • Sciatic nerve
  • Tibial nerve
• What are the characteristics of the blood-brain barrier?

  • Impermeable to toxins and certain drugs
  • Allows passage of oxygen, sodium, potassium ions, and glucose
  • Protects the brain from harmful substances
• What are the symptoms of syringomyelia?

  • Reduced mentation
  • Pain
  • Neurological symptoms
• What are the components of the ventricular system?

  • Interconnecting canals and cavities
  • Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
  • Choroid plexus produces CSF
• What are the functions of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Controls cardiac muscle
  • Controls smooth muscle
  • Regulates organs and glands