Dominance

    Cards (14)

    • Coates
      • womens convo falls into HSBC
      • men control conversations and usually keeps the topics male orientated.
    • Zimmerman & west
      • men are more likely to interrupt in mixed sex conversations
      • used recordings, transcription and analysis
    • Beattie
      • zim and west study wasn’t accurate because of sample size
      • used 10 times as many participants & found men & women interrupt each other equally
      • questions why interrupting is a sign of weakness and not a sign of interest
    • Fishman
      • left to do the conversational shit work
      • convos fail because of how men respond
      • the work women do 1983
      • women take on the role of facilitators in conversations
      • questions some of Lakeoffs theories (eg. fishman sees tag questions as an attributive of interaction whereas lakeoff sees them as weakness)
    • Holmes
      • metaphors are more derogatory for women
      • women described in terms of food and animal
      • explores features of womens language like politeness and hedging and sees it as both empowering and limiting
    • Schulz
      • terms to describe women have become more negative over time
      • calls this semantic derogation
      • highlights the role of language in perpetuating gender inequalities
      • also participates in marked terms concept
    • Spender
      • women are extensions of men (eg. men are always introduced first)
      • language is a tool of patriarchal power that shapes the way women are perceived and treated
      • male as norm
      • man made language
    • Stanley
      • there’s 220 negative terms to describe a promiscuous woman but only 20 to describe men
      • men’s language is more accepted whilst women’s is more scrutinised
    • Lakeoff
      • Language and woman’s place
      • Marked terms = implies deviation from the norm
    • Perrson
      • animal insults are used to allude womens sexual behaviour - usually to imply a prostitute
    • Parker et al
      • commenting on a woman’s sexual behaviour is designed to damage her social status and cause negative psychological effects
    • Greif
      • parents interrupt daughters more than sons
      • male parents interrupt more over all
    • The bechdel test
      • judges whether a piece of work has :
      • two women
      • who talk to each other
      • and something other than men
    • Dominance model - idea that men are more dominant in language
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