Addition polymers

• What type of polymers are made using alkenes?

  Addition polymers
• What feature characterizes a molecule as an alkene?

  Presence of a carbon-carbon double bond
• Why are alkenes considered unsaturated?

  They contain a carbon-carbon double bond
• What happens to the double bond in alkenes under the right conditions?

  It can break to form new bonds
• How can three ethene molecules combine to form a polymer?

  By opening their double bonds to bond together
• What is the representation of the addition polymerization reaction?

  • Monomers on the left
  • Polymer on the right
  • Shows the reaction of multiple monomers
• What is a repeating unit in a polymer?

  A group of atoms repeated in the polymer
• How many carbons and hydrogens are in the repeating unit of ethene?

  Two carbons and four hydrogens
• How should the bonds of the monomer be drawn?

  Facing up and down
• What do the empty bonds in the repeating unit represent?

  Bonds that connect to other monomers
• What does 'n' represent in the polymerization equation?

  The number of repeating units
• If n is 10, how many ethene molecules are involved?

  Ten ethene molecules
• What is the first step in writing an equation for the addition polymerization of butane?

  Redraw butane in the correct format
• How should the double bond in butane be identified?

  Between the first two carbons
• How should the hydrogen atoms be arranged when drawing butane?

  Pointing straight up or down
• What shorthand notation is used for the group in butane?

  C$_2$H$_5$
• How should the bond between carbons be drawn in butane?

  From carbon to carbon
• What is the format for writing the polymerization equation?

  Monomer on the left, repeating unit on the right
• How do you name the polymer formed from butane?

  Polybutane
• What is the polymer name for chloroethene?

  Polychloroethylene
• What conditions are required for addition polymerization reactions?

  High pressures and a catalyst
• What might be written on the reaction arrow for polymerization?

  Pressure and catalyst
• What are the steps to draw the addition polymerization of butane?

  1. Identify the double bond
  2. Arrange atoms as separate groups
  3. Draw bonds pointing straight up and down
  4. Use shorthand for larger groups
  5. Add brackets and 'n'
  6. Draw the repeating unit without double bonds