Testing for anions

• What are anions?

  Negatively charged ions
• What tests are covered for anions in the video?

  • Test for carbonate ions
  • Test for sulfate ions
  • Test for halide ions
• What happens when a carbonate reacts with an acid?

  It forms a salt, carbon dioxide, and water
• How can you test for carbonates in a solution?

  Add dilute hydrochloric acid and lime water
• What indicates a positive test for carbonates?

  Lime water turns cloudy
• What is the first step in the sulfate test?

  Add dilute hydrochloric acid
• Why do we add dilute hydrochloric acid in the sulfate test?

  To remove carbonate or sulfite impurities
• What forms when barium ions react with sulfate ions?

  Barium sulfate precipitate
• What color is the precipitate formed by barium sulfate?

  White
• What is the first step in the halide test?

  Add dilute nitric acid
• What is added in the second step of the halide test?

  Add silver nitrate
• What do silver ions react with in the halide test?

  Halide ions
• How does the color of the precipitate indicate the halide present?

  Different halides produce different colored precipitates
• What color precipitate does silver chloride form?

  White
• What color precipitate does silver bromide form?

  Cream
• What color precipitate does silver iodide form?

  Yellow
• What is the overall process for testing for anions?

  1. Test for carbonates:

  • Add dilute hydrochloric acid
  • Check for cloudy lime water

  1. Test for sulfates:

  • Add dilute hydrochloric acid
  • Add barium chloride
  • Look for white precipitate

  1. Test for halides:

  • Add dilute nitric acid
  • Add silver nitrate
  • Observe precipitate color
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