biology

    Cards (57)

    • What is diffusion?
      The movement of particles from high to low concentration
    • What is osmosis?
      The diffusion of water across a membrane
    • What does active transport do?
      Moves particles from low to higher concentration
    • What are the key concepts of diffusion, osmosis, and active transport?
      • Diffusion: High to low concentration movement
      • Osmosis: Water diffusion across membranes
      • Active transport: Low to high concentration movement
    • How do particles in a liquid and gas move?
      Continuously and spread evenly throughout
    • What happens when particles are in higher concentration?
      They move to lower concentration areas
    • What is a concentration gradient?
      The difference in concentration across a membrane
    • What is the net movement of particles during diffusion?
      From high concentration to low concentration
    • What is a solute?
      The dissolved substance in a solution
    • What is a solvent?
      The liquid in which the solute dissolves
    • What is a solution?
      A mixture formed by a solute and a solvent
    • What happens when potassium manganate(VII) is placed in water?
      Particles spread out and mix with water
    • How does diffusion occur across membranes?
      Particles move from high to low concentration
    • What are some examples of diffusion in biological systems?
      • In a leaf: Gas exchange
      • In the lungs: Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
      • In liver cells: Nutrient uptake
    • What is the role of diffusion in living cells?
      To move substances in and out of cells
    • Why is it important for particles to move in both directions during diffusion?
      To achieve an even distribution of particles
    • What are enzymes?
      Biological catalysts that speed up reactions
    • How do enzymes relate to their substrates?
      They are specific for their substrate
    • What does the lock and key hypothesis model?
      The specificity of enzymes for substrates
    • What happens to enzymes at extremes of temperature and pH?
      They are denatured
    • What is the active site of an enzyme?
      The part where substrates attach
    • How does the lock and key hypothesis explain enzyme specificity?
      The active site matches the substrate shape
    • Can one type of enzyme catalyze multiple reactions?
      Some can, but most are specific
    • What occurs when an enzyme is denatured?
      The active site shape changes
    • Why is it important to use 'denatured' instead of 'killed' for enzymes?
      Enzymes have never been alive
    • What are the key characteristics of enzymes?
      • Biological catalysts
      • Specific for their substrates
      • Denatured by extreme conditions
      • Have an active site for substrate attachment
    • What is the process of enzyme action according to the lock and key hypothesis?
      1. Substrate approaches enzyme
      2. Substrate fits into active site
      3. Enzyme catalyzes reaction
      4. Products are released
    • What types of microscopes allow us to see inside cells?
      Light and electron microscopes
    • What are the main components of plant, animal, and bacterial cells?
      Smaller components with specific functions
    • What type of cells are animals made up of?
      Eukaryotic cells
    • What defines a eukaryotic cell?
      It has a nucleus and membrane-bound structures
    • What is the function of the cell membrane?
      Controls entry and exit of materials
    • What can be seen with a light microscope?
      Mitochondria, but not in detail
    • What type of microscope is needed to see ribosomes?
      Electron microscope
    • What is the cytoplasm?
      A jelly-like material with organelles
    • What happens in the cytoplasm?
      Many chemical reactions occur
    • What does the nucleus contain?
      Genetic material, including DNA
    • What is the role of the nucleus?
      Controls the cell's activities
    • What is the function of mitochondria?
      Release energy in respiration
    • What do ribosomes do?
      Protein synthesis occurs here
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