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Cards (57)
What is diffusion?
The movement of
particles
from
high
to
low
concentration
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What is osmosis?
The
diffusion
of
water
across a membrane
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What does active transport do?
Moves
particles
from
low
to
higher
concentration
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What are the key concepts of diffusion, osmosis, and active transport?
Diffusion:
High
to
low
concentration
movement
Osmosis:
Water
diffusion
across
membranes
Active transport:
Low
to
high
concentration
movement
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How do particles in a liquid and gas move?
Continuously
and
spread
evenly
throughout
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What happens when particles are in higher concentration?
They move to
lower concentration
areas
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What is a concentration gradient?
The
difference
in
concentration
across a
membrane
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What is the net movement of particles during diffusion?
From
high
concentration
to
low
concentration
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What is a solute?
The
dissolved
substance in a
solution
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What is a solvent?
The
liquid
in which the
solute
dissolves
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What is a solution?
A
mixture
formed by a
solute
and a
solvent
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What happens when potassium manganate(VII) is placed in water?
Particles
spread out and
mix
with
water
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How does diffusion occur across membranes?
Particles
move from
high
to
low
concentration
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What are some examples of diffusion in biological systems?
In a leaf:
Gas exchange
In the lungs:
Oxygen
and
carbon dioxide
exchange
In liver cells:
Nutrient
uptake
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What is the role of diffusion in living cells?
To move
substances
in
and
out
of cells
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Why is it important for particles to move in both directions during diffusion?
To achieve an
even distribution
of
particles
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What are enzymes?
Biological
catalysts
that
speed
up
reactions
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How do enzymes relate to their substrates?
They are
specific
for their
substrate
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What does the lock and key hypothesis model?
The specificity of
enzymes
for
substrates
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What happens to enzymes at extremes of temperature and pH?
They are
denatured
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What is the active site of an enzyme?
The part where
substrates
attach
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How does the lock and key hypothesis explain enzyme specificity?
The
active site
matches
the
substrate shape
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Can one type of enzyme catalyze multiple reactions?
Some can, but most are
specific
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What occurs when an enzyme is denatured?
The
active site
shape
changes
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Why is it important to use 'denatured' instead of 'killed' for enzymes?
Enzymes have never been
alive
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What are the key characteristics of enzymes?
Biological
catalysts
Specific
for their
substrates
Denatured
by
extreme
conditions
Have an
active site
for
substrate
attachment
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What is the process of enzyme action according to the lock and key hypothesis?
Substrate
approaches
enzyme
Substrate
fits
into
active site
Enzyme
catalyzes
reaction
Products
are
released
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What types of microscopes allow us to see inside cells?
Light
and
electron
microscopes
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What are the main components of plant, animal, and bacterial cells?
Smaller components with specific
functions
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What type of cells are animals made up of?
Eukaryotic cells
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What defines a eukaryotic cell?
It has a
nucleus
and
membrane-bound
structures
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls
entry
and
exit
of materials
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What can be seen with a light microscope?
Mitochondria
, but not in detail
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What type of microscope is needed to see ribosomes?
Electron microscope
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What is the cytoplasm?
A jelly-like material with
organelles
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What happens in the cytoplasm?
Many
chemical reactions
occur
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What does the nucleus contain?
Genetic material
, including
DNA
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What is the role of the nucleus?
Controls the
cell's
activities
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What is the function of mitochondria?
Release
energy
in
respiration
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What do ribosomes do?
Protein synthesis
occurs here
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See all 57 cards
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