Mutations

• What is the main focus of this video lesson?

  How DNA structure changes affect protein synthesis
• What determines the amino acid sequence of a protein?

  The base sequence of a gene
• What happens to a protein once it is formed?

  It folds into a unique shape
• How does the shape of a protein relate to its function?

  The shape determines the protein's function
• What is a mutation?

  A change to a base in DNA
• Do mutations occur frequently?

  Yes, mutations happen all the time
• What can happen when a single base in DNA changes?

  It may not change the amino acid sequence
• Why might a mutation not affect protein function?

  Different base triplets can code for the same amino acid
• What can a mutation in a protein's amino acid sequence cause?

  It can alter the protein's shape
• How can a mutation affect an enzyme's active site?

  It may change the shape, preventing substrate binding
• What happens if a mutation affects a structural protein like collagen?

  It may lose its strength
• What do chromosomes contain besides coding DNA?

  Non-coding parts of DNA
• What is the role of non-coding DNA regions?

  They switch genes on and off
• What can mutations in non-coding regions lead to?

  Genes may be turned on or off incorrectly
• What could happen if a gene is turned on when it should be off?

  The cell may produce unnecessary proteins
• What is a potential consequence of uncontrolled mitosis due to mutations?

  It can lead to cancer
• Where can students find more questions on mutations?

  In the revision workbook
• What are the types of mutations that can occur?

  Point mutations and frameshift mutations
• How can mutations contribute to diseases?

  They can alter protein function, leading to disorders
• What is the significance of protein folding?

  It is crucial for proper cellular functions
• How do environmental factors influence mutation rates?

  They can increase or decrease mutation occurrences
• What is genetic diversity and how is it related to mutations?

  Mutations create variations in traits among populations
• What role do enzymes play in DNA repair mechanisms?

  They help fix mutations in DNA
• How can gene therapy address mutations?

  It can correct faulty genes to restore function