Designing investigations

• What must be considered when designing a hypothesis?

  Constraints
• What are the key considerations when designing an investigation?

  • Time and cost of investigation
  • Ethical issues: respect dignity and rights
  • Confidentiality: keep data secure
  • Convenience of data collection
  • Identifying population and sampling method
  • Planning for non-responses
  • Conducting a pilot survey
  • Handling anomalous results
• Why is it important to respect people's dignity and rights in research?

  To address ethical issues
• What is the purpose of maintaining confidentiality in research?

  To keep data secure and confidential
• Why should researchers plan for non-responses?

  To ensure valid analysis of data
• What is a pilot survey used for?

  To estimate likely responses
• What should researchers plan for regarding anomalous results?

  To determine how to handle them
• How do you calculate the number of surveys to send out based on pilot survey results?

  1. Decide on needed responses for valid analysis.
  2. Conduct a pilot survey to find response proportion.
  3. Use the proportion to calculate total surveys needed.
• How many responses are needed for a valid analysis in the example given?

  300 responses
• In the pilot survey, how many questionnaires were sent out?

  50 questionnaires
• How many responses were received from the pilot survey?

  40 responses
• What is the proportion of responses received in the pilot survey?

  $\frac{4}{5}$
• If the proportion of responses is $\frac{4}{5}$, how many surveys need to be sent to receive 300 responses?


  375 surveys
• What is the formula used to calculate the total number of surveys needed?

  $\frac{4}{5} =$$\frac{300}{x}$
• How do you solve for $x$ in the equation $\frac{4}{5} =$$\frac{300}{x}$?


  Cross-multiply and solve
• What is the final answer for the number of surveys Zeedan needs to send out?

  375 surveys
• What is the first step in planning for non-response?

  Decide on needed responses
• Why is it important to plan for more responses than needed?

  To account for non-responses
• What should be done with the results of a pilot survey?

  Use them to estimate needed surveys
• What is the significance of handling anomalous results?

  To maintain data integrity