bio chapt 2

• pancreas


  make enzymes
• salivary glands


  add enzymes
• liver


  makes bile
• Oesophagus


  carries food from mouth to stomach
• gall bladder


  stores bile
• stomach


  churns food and begins chemical digestion of proteins
• bile duct


  bile travels to small intestine
• small intestine


  where digested food is absorbed into blood
• rectum


  stores faeces
• anus


  expels faeces
• large intestine


  absorbs water and minerals into the blood
• villi: cover the small intestine wall, increasing the surface area so more nutrients can be absorbed
• enzymes: special proteins that break down large molecules of nutrients into small molecules
• enzymes are also known as: biological catalysts, they speed up digestion without being used up
• three main types of enzymes involved in digestion: protease, carbohydrate and lipase

  photsynthesis:
• carbon dioxide + _________ = _________ + oxygen: carbon dioxide+ water = glucose + oxygen
• oxygen diffuses out of a leaf and carbon dioxide into the leaf by: the tiny holes
• sunlight is absorbed by

  chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
• leaves are green

  chlorophyll absorbs sunlight
• leaves are thin: allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf
• Leaves have a large surface area to: absorb as much light as possible
• leaves have veins to: transport as much water as possible

  stomata

  a) where
• b) job: a) underside of leaf

  b) allow gases to enter and leave
• guard cells...: open the stomata during the day and close them at night

  level of organisation in a multicellular organism
• c..., t..., o..., o... s...., o...: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
• circulatory system is responsible for: transporting glucose, oxygen and nutrients around your body
• the circulatory system consists of: blood vessels (veins, arteries and capillaries) and blood
• cells


  the building block of life
• tissues


  similar cells working together in the same way
• organ


  group of tissues working together
• system


  a group of organs working together
• cabohydrases breaks down carbohydrates, leaving you with...

  sugars
• proteases breaks down protein, leaving you with...

  amino acids
• lipases breaks down lipids, leaving you with...: fatty acids and glycerol
• baby food is treated with... to ..... into...: proteases to break down proteins into amino acids
• enzymes in biological washing powders helps remove stains by: breaking down the stains into water soluble substances

  what removes these stains?

  a)oil, butter or fat
• b)blood, egg or sweat

  a)lipases

  b)proteases
• what are the advantages of washing at a low temperature: energy and money are saved

  helps clean delicate fabrics which would otherwise be damaged
• the size of an organisms surface defines how quickly it can: absorb nutrients, oxygen and water
• small organisms exchange surfaces in their body by

  diffusion