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Language and Gender
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Tallulah Dalton
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Cards (11)
Lakoff
language and women's place
women have a
different
way of speaking from men which reflects and produces a
subordinate
position
in society
eg.
super
polite
forms
,
speak
less
,
indirect
requests
Cheshire
linguistic variation and social function
variation is controlled by
social
and
linguistic
factors
boys' speech is governed by
norms
central to the
vernacular
culture, and transmitted through
peer
group.
variation in girls' speech is more
personal
and less controlled by vernacular norms.
eg. use of
'ain't'
, non standard
'you
was'
Rochefort
supports
Cheshire
some features of language used only by men and some by women.
language use is clearly linked to maintaining an
identity
Fishman
dominance model
women work
harder
in conversation than men because they have less
certainty
of success.
Hyde
there are more similarities between male and female speech
the differences are due to other factors such as
age
,
class
,
ethnicity
,
education
etc.
Cameron
diversity
approach
any noticeable language differences in gender are due to
expectations
placed on us by society- not biological factors.
Tannen
difference theory
the way you are brought up and what language your parents use depending on your gender.
men often use language to assert
dominance
, whereas women use language to establish rapport and build relationships.
conflict
vs
compromise
- men use language to argue and women use it to avoid conflict.
orders
vs
proposals
- men will be direct eg. close that window, whereas women would be suggestive eg. its cold in here.
Butler
gender 'performativity theory'
it is a mistake to reinforce a binary view of gender and to asset that 'women' are a group with common characteristics and interests.
language is
performative-
our language constructs our gender rather than reflects it.
Zimmerman and
West
Dominance
theory
In mixed-sex conversations
men
are more likely to interrupt then women.
In 11 conversations, men used 46 interruptions, but women only 2.
Beattie
Critique to
Zimmerman
and
West
Interruptions dont reflect dominance or gender but
involvement
and
interest
in the topic.
O'barr and
Atkins
It is not because of gender but more the role you are using language for that determines language usage.
more closely linked to
social
position
and context.
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