circulatory - A&P

• What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

  Circulate oxygen, nutrients, hormones, heat & waste products
• What is the role of the pericardium in the heart?

  Protects and lubricates the heart
• What are the three layers of the heart?

  Pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium
• What is the function of the septum in the heart?

  Separates the two halves of the heart
• What are the names of the valves in the heart?

  Tricuspid, bicuspid, semilunar, and pulmonary
• What is the process of blood flow through the heart?

  Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium, then the right ventricle, then the lungs, then the left atrium, and finally the left ventricle
• What is the normal heart rate range for a cat?

  100-180 bpm
• What is the function of the coronary vessels?

  Supply the heart muscles with blood
• What is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium and ventricle?

  Tricuspid valve
• What is the function of the chordae tendinae?

  Prevent backflow into the atrium
• What is the name of the node that generates electrical impulses in the heart?

  Sinoatrial node
• What is the process of depolarization in the heart?

  Process of generating electrical impulse from the SA node
• What is the formula for cardiac output?

  CO = SV x HR
• What is the function of the autonomic nervous system in the heart?

  Influences the heart rate and contractility
• What is the name of the device that measures electrical conduction through the heart?

  Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• What is the function of the P wave in an ECG?

  Depolarization of the atria
• What is the name of the largest artery in the body?

  Aorta
• What is the function of the vascular system?

  Directs blood to different regions of the body
• What is the name of the vein that runs along the craniomedial aspect of the forelimb?

  Cephalic vein
• What are the layers of the heart?

  • Pericardium
  • Myocardium
  • Endocardium
• What is the process of blood flow through the heart?

  1. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium
  2. Blood flows into the right ventricle
  3. Blood is pumped to the lungs
  4. Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium
  5. Blood flows into the left ventricle
  6. Blood is pumped to the body
• What are the names of the valves in the heart?

  • Tricuspid valve
  • Bicuspid valve
  • Semilunar valve
  • Pulmonary valve
• What is the function of the coronary vessels?

  • Supply the heart muscles with blood
  • Branch off the aorta
• What is the name of the node that generates electrical impulses in the heart?

  • Sinoatrial node
• What is the process of depolarization in the heart?

  1. Generation of electrical impulse from the SA node
  2. Depolarization of the atria
  3. Depolarization of the ventricles
• What is the formula for cardiac output?

  • CO = SV x HR
• What is the function of the autonomic nervous system in the heart?

  • Influences the heart rate and contractility
  • Regulates the "fight or flight" response
• What is the name of the device that measures electrical conduction through the heart?

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• What is the function of the P wave in an ECG?

  • Depolarization of the atria
• What is the name of the largest artery in the body?

  • Aorta
• What is the function of the vascular system?

  • Directs blood to different regions of the body
  • Regulates blood pressure
• What is the difference between systole and diastole?

  Systole is the contraction of the heart, while diastole is the relaxation of the heart
• What is the function of the Bundle of His?

  Carries impulses from the AV node to the ventricles
• What is the function of the Purkinje fibers?

  Carry impulses from the Bundle of His to the ventricular myocardium
• What is the difference between the right and left sides of the heart?

  The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood, while the left side receives oxygenated blood
• What is the function of the coronary sinus?

  Collects blood from the coronary circulation
• What is the function of the cranial and caudal vena cava?

  Return deoxygenated blood to the heart
• What is the function of the brachycephalic trunk?

  Branches off the aorta to supply the head and thoracic limbs
• What is the function of the subclavian arteries?

  Branch off the brachycephalic trunk to supply the thoracic limbs
• What is the function of the carotid arteries?

  Branch off the subclavian arteries to supply the head