Cell types and Cell structure

• What are cells considered in biology?

  Basic building blocks of life
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?

  Cells
• How do animal and plant cells reproduce when they divide?

  They grow or replace dead cells
• How many types of cells does an adult human contain?

  Over 40 trillion cells
• What are the main subcellular structures found in both animal and plant cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• What surrounds both animal and plant cells?

  Cell membrane
• What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

  Contains genetic material and controls activities
• What is cytoplasm compared to?

  Water filling a water balloon
• What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

  Provide energy through aerobic respiration
• What do ribosomes do in a cell?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What are the additional structures found in plant cells that are not in animal cells?

  • Rigid cell wall made of cellulose
  • Permanent vacuole containing cell sap
  • Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Provides support and structure
• What does the permanent vacuole in plant cells contain?

  Cell sap, a mixture of sugars, salts, and water
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What green substance do chloroplasts contain?

  Chlorophyll
• What are the characteristics of bacterial cells?

  • Prokaryotic and unicellular
  • Have cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
  • Lack mitochondria and chloroplasts
  • Genetic material is a single circular strand of DNA
• What do bacterial cells lack compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• How is the genetic material in bacterial cells organized?

  Single circular strand of DNA
• What are plasmids in bacterial cells?

  Small rings of DNA carrying extra genes
• What is the function of flagella in some bacteria?

  Propel the bacteria for movement
• How do bacterial cells differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of genetic material?

  Bacterial cells have free-floating DNA, not in a nucleus
• What happens when bacteria divide?

  They reproduce as whole new organisms
• What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotic cells: unicellular, no nucleus, free-floating DNA
  • Eukaryotic cells: multicellular, have a nucleus, organized DNA