Lec 7

• What is the definition of posture?

  Position or attitude of the body
• How does posture relate to stability and balance?

  It maintains stability with minimum effort
• What does posture measure for a Kinesiologist?

  Mechanical efficiency, balance, and coordination
• What characterizes a good posture?

  Muscular and skeletal balance
• Is there a single best posture for all individuals?

  No, each person must adapt their posture
• What is the normal posture during attention?

  Erect posture
• What is the good posture characterized by?

  Balanced body segments with least strain
• What are the factors affecting posture?

  1. Mechanical factors

  • Line of gravity
  • Pelvic inclination
  • Body physique
  • Flexibility of weight-bearing segments
  • Strength of antigravity muscles

  1. Anatomical factors

  • Integrity of musculoskeletal system
  • Neural control

  1. Demand of workplace
  2. Social & cultural traditions
  3. Psychological factors
  4. Physiological factors
• How does the line of gravity relate to body segments?

  It affects posture and muscle compensation
• What is an antigravity muscle?

  A muscle that counters gravity's pull
• What is an example of an antigravity muscle?

  Calf muscles
• What happens when the line of gravity passes through a joint?

  No moment will be created
• What is pelvic inclination?

  Angle between iliac spine and horizontal line
• What is the normal value of pelvic inclination?

  50 to 60 degrees
• How does lumbar lordosis affect pelvic inclination?

  Increased lordosis raises pelvic inclination
• What are the types of standing situational postures?

  1. Easy posture
  2. Fatigue posture
  3. Rigid posture
• What characterizes easy posture?

  Symmetrical and balanced position
• What is fatigue posture?

  Asymmetrical and sagging posture
• How does energy expenditure compare in fatigue posture?

  10% less than easy posture
• What is rigid posture also known as?

  Posture of attention
• How does energy expenditure in rigid posture compare to easy posture?

  20% more than easy posture
• What causes faulty posture?

  Faulty relationships of body parts
• What are the consequences of faulty posture?

  Increased strain on supporting structures
• What are common faulty postures?

  1. Protracted head
  2. Rounded shoulder
  3. Hyperlordotic lumbar spine
  4. Hyperkyphotic thoracic spine
  5. Elevated shoulder
  6. Scoliosis
• What are the types of postural assessments?

  1. Standing posture
  2. Sitting posture
  3. Sleeping posture
  4. Frontal plane examination
  5. Sagittal plane examination
  6. Transverse plane examination
• What are the requirements for proper posture?

  • Good muscle flexibility
  • Normal joint motion
  • Strong postural muscles
  • Balanced muscles on both sides of the spine
  • Awareness and practice of correct posture
• What contributes to bad posture?

  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Weak muscles
  • High-heeled shoes
  • Tight muscles
  • Poor work environment
  • Poor habits
• What are tips for maintaining good posture throughout life?

  • Keep natural back curves aligned
  • Walk with good posture
  • Wear supportive shoes
  • Protect back when carrying objects
  • Exercise for strength and flexibility
  • Avoid prolonged positions
  • Sleep on a firm mattress
• What is a primary postural distortion?

  Caused by a problem in that body area
• What is a secondary postural distortion?

  Caused by a problem in another body area